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K Sato (U.Tokyo) , M Tsutsumi (NIPR), T Sato (Kyoto U.), T. Nakamura (NIPR),

Budget finally approved! Current Status of P rogram of the An tarctic Sy owa MST/IS Radar （ PANSY) MST: M esosphere, S tratosphere and T roposphere IS: I ncoherent S catter Radar Toward a New Era of Antarctic Atmospheric Research.

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K Sato (U.Tokyo) , M Tsutsumi (NIPR), T Sato (Kyoto U.), T. Nakamura (NIPR),

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  1. Budget finally approved! Current Status of Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS Radar（PANSY)MST: Mesosphere, Stratosphere and TroposphereIS: Incoherent Scatter RadarToward a New Era of Antarctic Atmospheric Research K Sato (U.Tokyo), M Tsutsumi (NIPR), T Sato (Kyoto U.), T. Nakamura (NIPR), A Saito (Kyoto U), Y Tomikawa (NIPR), K Nishimura (NIPR), H Yamagishi, and T. Yamanouchi (NIPR) PANSY is derived from the French word, ’pensee’, meaning ‘thought’

  2. Resolutions from international and national scientific organizations MST/IS Radar in the Antarctic ＩＣＳＵ WMO IOC-UNESCO … ＩＵＧＧ URSI … SCAR SCOSTEP SPARC … … Thank you! ＩＡＭＡＳ ＩＡＧＡ G＆H • Lower-thermosphere radar (PANSY pilot system) for IPY2007-2008 • Documents published by SCJ, CSTP • Top article of the Asahi Shimbun, Nature

  3. Specifications of PANSY - Height coverage : 1-500km - Three dimensional winds and plasma parameters - Fine time and height resolutions

  4. Aurora PMC PSC

  5. Capability of direct measurements of momentum fluxes and vertical winds as well as horizontal winds. Time resolution = 1 min Vertical resolution = 75m

  6. A study using high-resolution GCM simulationK.Sato, S. Watanabe, Y. Kawatani, Y. Tomikawa, K. Miyazaki, and M. Takahashi n>42 U: Contour E-P Flux: Vector Wave force:Color Watanabe et al. (2008, JGR)

  7. Katabatic winds: The role on the circulation in the Southern Hemisphere • Boundary layer: Turbulence structure, Exchange with free atmosphere • Circulation in the troposphere: Meridional circulation, Water circulation • Polar lows: 3-dimensional structure and dynamics • Severe snow storms: Generation mechanisms and 3-dimensional structure • Blockings: Exchange with the middle atmosphere, wave generation • Tropospheric-stratospheric exchange: Tropopause structure, turbulence, dominant disturbances, ageostophic circulation • Ozone hole: Dynamics and chemistry of ozone layer recovery • Polar stratospheric clouds: Physics of generation and dissipation. Their radiative, chemical, and dynamical roles • Trapped waves on the polar vortex: Roles on the exchange between the regions inside and outside of the polar vortex • Polar night jet: Small-scale structures and secondary circulation • Sudden warming: Dynamics. Transport and mixing • Gravity waves: Dynamical characteristics, generation mechanism, vertical and seasonal variation, momentum fluxes, wave forces, horizontal propagation • Exchange between the mesosphere and thermosphere: Mesopause structure, dominant disturbances, ageostrophic circulation • Polar mesospheric clouds (Noctilucent clouds): Monitoring of climate effects by human activity, physics of generation and dissipation, roles on radiation • Barotropic and baroclinic instability: Interaction with gravity waves • Polar mesospheric summer echoes/polar mesospheric winter echoes: Mechanisms and relation with the polar meososheric clouds. • Auroras: 3-dimensional structure • Ionospheric disturbances: Comparison between the Arctic and Antarctic atmospheres • Coherent scattering in the ionosphere: Mechanism, structure, time variation • Irregularity in the ionospheric E region: Structure, seasonal variation etc. • Solar proton events: Effects on the neutral atmosphere • Diurnal, seasonal, inter-annual variations, solar cycle (11 years), and trends: Mechanism and effects by GHGs. • Turbulence: 4 dimensional imaging observation Science of PANSY

  8. MST/IS radar network IS only ) MU Radar EISCAT (IS only) Radar AMISR (400MHz) PANSY RADAR Equatorial Atmosphere Radar

  9. The MU Radar (Kyoto University) Heavy! (>50kg) Power consuming! (230kW) <18kg （Shigaraki, Shiga, Japan）

  10. Feasibility Study • -Start of the PANSY project 2000 • -Field Survey (2002~) • -Development of power efficient • class-E transmitters (2003~) • Twice as power-efficient as conventional • class-AB transmitters. • Estimated total power consumption ~75kW • -Optimization of Yagi antennas (2003~) • Light-weight. Easy to set up and robust 12.6kg

  11. Syowa st. main site SuperDARN radar SuperDARN radar MF radar PANSY radar site Diameter160m

  12. Existing Facilities at SyowaComprehensive study combined with PANSY （Lidar） MFradar FPI HF radar Micro-pulse Lidar All-Sky Imager Various balloon measurements

  13. Organization MOU of collaboration between U Tokyo (PI: K.Sato) ← → NIPR (PI: Yamanouchi) PANSY community (regular annual scientific meeting) Position on JARE future plan Proposal as a principal observation in the VIII JARE observation plan (6 yrs starting at JARE52) was accepted in December, 2008. 1st proposal for the budget of FY2010 was planned. Discussion in Japanese scientific societies Special session at MSJ meeting in spring of 2008 Special session at SGEPSS meeting in autumn of 2008 Special session at JpGU general assembly in spring of 2010 Movements to realize the PANSY project

  14. FY2009 (JARE51) 1 SP Japan: Radar construction was funded by the economic stimulus package by Japanese government in April, 2009,reexamined and approved by new government in October 19, 2009. The final designs of TR modules and antennas were determined. Production of 1045 sets were started. Syowa Station Summer party Topographical survey of the antenna field. Installation and observation plans (1/3)

  15. FY2010 (JARE52) 5 SP+2 WP Japan: Production of 1045 sets of modules and antennas will be finished before September, 2010. The whole system will be sent to Syowa Station. Syowa Station Summer Party Construction of the radar observation hut, and installation of two generators. Antennas and modules are constructed. The 1st data will be obtained with a limited system. Winter Party Adjustment of the basic observation modes (i.e. the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and ionosphere modes with a single receiving channel). Installation and observation plans (2/3)

  16. FY2011 (JARE53) 5 SP and 2WP Syowa Station Summer Party The construction of full system including 55 receiving channels will be finished. Winter Party Adjustment of multi-channel receiving system for imaging and interferometric observations FY2012 (JARE54) 4 SP and 2WP Syowa Station Summer Party The construction of FAI (field aligned irregularity) observation system and its adjustment. Winter Party Regular observation over 12 years will be started in early 2013. Installation and observation plans (3/3)

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