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WHY MORE TB IN THE MOUNTAINS? A household survey

WHY MORE TB IN THE MOUNTAINS? A household survey. CHIEF INVESTIGATOR: John Wakegeni

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WHY MORE TB IN THE MOUNTAINS? A household survey

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  1. WHY MORE TB IN THE MOUNTAINS?A household survey CHIEF INVESTIGATOR: John Wakegeni INVESTIGATION TEAM: John Maena’adi, Esau Kekeubata, John Laete’esafi, Gilson Fansona, JepthaTalana, Jackson Waneagea, Christopher Jimuru, Matthew Honaimane, Philis Au, Esther Naui, Peter Massey, Rick Speare Atoifi Hospital, Malaita 14 April 2011

  2. Introduction • Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease common in the East Kwaio region. • TB can cause adults and children to get very sick and even die. • The disease spreads by droplet infection (eg, coughing) • In East Kwaio there is more TB in the people who live in the mountain areas.

  3. TB Risk Factors • Some of the risk factors for TB include: • Having lots of people living in house • Houses with smoke inside • Having TB in the community • Babies not having the BCG vaccine • Research Hypothesis • Risk factors for TB will be more common in the maintains than on the coast in East Kwaio

  4. Study objectives • To assess some of the risk factors for TB in the mountain area compared to the coast. • To use this information to design a larger survey to explore the reasons why people in the mountains have more TB.

  5. Sample • Na’au village – 10 houses of the 35 in village, first ten from the main track into village • Mountain houses – start at settlements 1.5 hours walk and survey houses at each settlement along the track until 10 houses have been surveyed.

  6. Methods • Using a Quantitative household survey approach. • We first contacted Chiefs in each sample area, explained survey to each Chief and asked for permission to do survey. Then go to houses and ask father of house if can do survey, if no then move onto next house. • If ok, then conduct survey by asking the father or mother the five questions in the survey.

  7. Methods (cont) • A second visit was made to each village to measure the size of 4 houses to calculate square metre per person. • Data was entered into and analysed in MS Excel. • Ethics approval was received from the Atoifi Hospital Research Committee.

  8. Results How many people slept in this house last night? Occupancy was 10.6% higher in mountain villages compared to coast

  9. How many children in house

  10. Surface area per person • People on coast have 3.9 times more space than mountain people.

  11. Proportion of houses with fire in house

  12. Proportion of houses with windows

  13. What proportion of children have had a BCG scar?

  14. Discussion and Conclusion • All of the risk factors for TB are more common in the mountains of East Kwaio than on the coast. • The mountain villages in the survey were only 2 hours walk from the coast. We would expect the risk factors to be even greater further into the mountains. • This was a small study so there are limitations in what can be said from results. A bigger study is needed to explore more information so changes can be made.

  15. Recommendations • Increase the coverage of BCG vaccine in the mountains by increasing EPI program. • Qualitative research needed to investigate how an EPI program would work best in the mountains and how to address other risk factors.

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