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Roosevelt Revives the Presidency

Roosevelt Revives the Presidency. During his second term, Roosevelt’s reform program was known as the Square Deal. As a progressive and Social Darwinist, he felt the government should try to balance the needs of all the groups in American society.

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Roosevelt Revives the Presidency

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  1. Roosevelt Revives the Presidency • During his second term, Roosevelt’s reform program was known as the Square Deal. • As a progressive and Social Darwinist, he felt the government should try to balance the needs of all the groups in American society. • The United Mine Workers(UMW) union called a strike of the miners who dug coal. About 150,000 workers from the mines of eastern Pennsylvania demanded a pay increase, reduction in work hours, and recognition for their union. The strike went on for months, threatening a coal shortage. Roosevelt urged the union and owners to accept arbitration, a settlement imposed by an outside party.

  2. Social Welfare Action • By 1905 consumer protection became a national issue. Patent medicines and food consumption became serious threats to Americans, forcing new legislation. • As a result of Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle, new federal legislation was passed. • The Meat Inspection Act required federal inspection of meat sold and set standards of clealiness in meatpacking plants. • The Pure Food and Drug Act prohibited the manufacture, sale, of shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs.

  3. Conservation • President Roosevelt urged Americans to conserve natural resources. • Newland’s Re-claimation Act: use of federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and public land development. • Roosevelt appointed Gilford Pinchot to head the US forest services in the West. He created a regulation of lumbering on federal lands. • Through these Acts, the executive branch strengthened in power.

  4. Taft’s Progressive Reforms • The Children’s Bureau was created to fight child labor. • Roosevelt criticized Taft’s actions until he brought a lawsuit against U.S. Steel. • Progressives formed the Bull Moose Party to run against Taft in the election of 1912. • Republican Conservatives supported Taft and Republican Progressives supported Roosevelt.

  5. Election of 1912 • Roosevelt’s New Nationalism favored legislation to protect women and children in the work force and to promote workers compensation. • Wilson, the Democratic candidate, created the New Freedom plan which supported free enterprise and criticized Roosevelt for a program that supported monopolies. • Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican vote giving Wilson the Electoral College win.

  6. Legacy of Progressivism • In 1909, the NAACP was founded to end racial discrimination. • In 1916 Wilson signed the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act, which prohibited children under the age of 14 from working in factories. • He also signed the Adamson Act, which established an 8 hour work day for railroad workers.

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