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2. Examples of Acids. nitric (HNO 3 ) HNO 3 H + + NO 3 – makes fertilizers hydrochloric ( HCl ) HCl H + + Cl - stomach acid sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ) H 2 SO 4 2H + + SO 4 - car batteries. acetic (CH 3 COOH )
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2. Examples of Acids • nitric (HNO3 ) HNO3 H+ + NO3 – makes fertilizers • hydrochloric (HCl) HCl H+ + Cl- stomach acid • sulfuric (H2SO4 ) H2SO4 2H+ + SO4- car batteries
acetic (CH3COOH ) CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO- food preservation • Carbonic (H2CO3) H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- carbonated drinks
extent to which the acid dissociates determines its strength Polar water allows for acids to dissolve Strong Acid - Dissociates completely in a solvent Weak Acid - Releases few hydrogen ions in the solution. ** Lower the pH the stronger the acid** 3. Strength of Acids
strong acids almost completely dissociate 10 H2SO4 18 H+ + 9 SO4-2 + 1 H2SO4 10 HCl 9 H+ + 9 Cl- + 1 HCl weak acids only partially dissociate 10 H2CO3 2 H+ + 2 HCO3-2 + 8 H2CO3 18 CH3COOH 3 H+ + 3 CH3COO- + 7 CH3COOH
Often confused Strength (strong or weak) tells how acid dissociates Concentration (dilute or concentrated) tells amount of acid dissolved in the solution. It is possible to have a dilute solution of a strong acid! 4. Strength vs. concentration
Streams become more acidic and removes minerals from the rocks. Water contains more Pb, As, and Hg Kills aquatic life 5. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)
4 FeS2 + 15 O2 + 14 H2O 4 Fe(OH)3 + 8 H2SO4 “yellow boy” (iron hydroxide) yellow-orange solid Pyrite (mineral) sulfuric acid fool’s gold