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The Human Brain

Discover the fascinating features and functions of the human brain, from the cerebral cortex to the frontal and temporal lobes, and the coordination role of the cerebellum. Unveil the mysteries of the brain's structures and their significance in various bodily functions.

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The Human Brain

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  1. The Human Brain

  2. Cerebrum Cerebrum Cerebellum Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes. -Makes up 80% of our brain

  3. Cerebral Cortex CerebralCortex Cerebral Cortex - The outermost layer of gray matter making up the superficial aspect of the cerebrum.

  4. Cerebral Features: • Gyri – Elevated ridges • Sulci – Small grooves dividing the gyri • Fissures – Deep grooves, generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain • Longitudinal Fissure • Divides the two Cerebral Hemispheres • Transverse Fissure • Separates the Cerebrum from the Cerebellum

  5. Gyri (ridge) Sulci (groove) Fissure (deep groove)

  6. Longitudinal Fissure Transverse Fissure

  7. Corpus Callosum • Connection of nerves between the two hemispheres • Helps left and right hemispheres talk to each other! (“crosstalk”) • Avidly used by guitar players!

  8. Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Lobes of the Brain (4)

  9. The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Frontal Bone of the skull. Frontal Lobe • It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions: • - Memory Formation • - Emotions • - Decision Making/Reasoning • - Personality

  10. Frontal Lobe - Cortical Regions • Primary Motor Cortex • involved with controlling movements of the body. • Broca’s Area • Controls facial neurons, speech, and language comprehension • Broca’s Aphasia – Results in the ability to comprehend speech, but the decreased motor ability (or inability) to speak and form words. • Olfactory Bulb • Responsible for sensation of smell

  11. Primary Motor Cortex Broca’s Area Olfactory Bulb

  12. The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull. Parietal Lobe • It plays a major role in the following functions/actions: - Senses and integrates sensations • Spatial awareness and perception

  13. Parietal Lobe - Cortical Regions • Primary Somatic Sensory Cortex • Site involved with processing of tactile and proprioceptive information. • Primary Gustatory Cortex • Primary site involved with the interpretation of the sensation of Taste

  14. Primary Somatic Sensory Cortex Primary Gustatory Cortex

  15. Occipital Lobe • The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull. • Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc. of VISION and visual stimuli.

  16. Primary Visual Cortex This is the primary area of the brain responsible for sight -recognition of size, color, light, motion, dimensions, etc. Occipital Lobe – Cortical Regions

  17. Primary Visual Cortex Regions Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

  18. Temporal Lobe • The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain, deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull. • They play an integral role in the following functions: • Hearing • Organization/Comprehensionof language • Information Retrieval (Memory and Memory Formation)

  19. Primary Auditory Cortex – Responsible for hearing Temporal Lobe – Cortical Regions • Primary Olfactory Cortex – Interprets the sense of smell once it reaches the cortex via the olfactory bulbs • Wernicke’s Area – Language comprehension - Wernicke’s Aphasia – Language comprehension is inhibited. Words and sentences are not clearly understood, and sentence formation may be inhibited or non-sensical.

  20. Primary Auditory Cortex Wernike’s Area Primary Olfactory Cortex

  21. Lobes and Structures of the Brain A. Central Sulcus B. Frontal Lobe C. Sylvian/Lateral Fissure A. (groove) G. D. Temporal Lobe B. F. E. Transverse Fissure F. Occipital Lobe C. (groove) G. Parietal Lobe E. D. (groove)

  22. Cerebellum • Found below the occipital lobe • Coordinates body movements and balance • Often responsible for learned behaviors • Ex: Riding a bike

  23. Cerebellum

  24. Diencephalon • Also called the “interbrain” • Superior to the brain stem • Includes the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Epithalamus

  25. The Brain Stem • Approximately the size of your thumb • 3 parts • Midbrain • Vision, hearing, sleep cycles, temperature regulation • Pons • Regulates breathing • Medulla Oblongata • Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing • Controls reflexes for coughing, sneezing, & vomiting

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