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January 21, 2015. Agenda Ancient Cultures. Warm-up Tell me what you know about the Aztec, Incan and Mayan cultures. B.C.E. (B.C.= Before Christ) stands for "Before the Common Era" when we are discussing historic timelines.
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January 21, 2015 • Agenda • Ancient Cultures Warm-up Tell me what you know about the Aztec, Incan and Mayan cultures. B.C.E. (B.C.= Before Christ) stands for "Before the Common Era" when we are discussing historic timelines. C.E. (A.D.= After Death of Christ) stands for "Common Era" when we are discussing historic timelines. The western calendar is measured starting with his birth, meaning he was born in the year 0. However, most scholars and historians now agree that he was likely born several years before.
Who were the Maya? Where? • Southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala When? • 1000BC to about 1000AD What kind of people? • Small city states, farmers and traders. • Mathematicians- Invented the 0 in 36BC, before most people. • Astronomers- Maya calendar is still accurate, very complex. • Advanced cities - Chichen Itza, Tulum, Palenque, Tikal What happened to Maya? • Overpopulated cities collapsed • Survivors dispersed throughout Central America • Culture diffused because of trade and military alliances • Unlike the relatively centralized Aztec and Inca empires, the Maya civilization was a loose aggregation of city-states.
Lands of the Mayans The Yucatan Peninsula
Overview of Tikal (Guatemala) Temple of the Masks
Tikal: Temple of the Masks – Guatemala For more info. click here
Mayan Glyphs sky king house child city Mayan Mathematics
Where Central Mexico Capital city was Tenochtitlan, on Lake Texcoco. When? 1300AD to 1500AD What kind of people? Hierarchical society 1. Emperor 2. Nobles 3. Warriors 4. Farmers 5. Slaves Empire centered on war and religious sacrifice What happened to Aztecs? Defeated by Hernan de Cortez (Spanish) in 1519, with native allies Most Aztecs later died from European diseases, such as Smallpox Mestizo- Interbreeding made a new Mexican “race”, ½ Indian ½ Spanish. Who were the Aztec?
Aztec Writing Aztec Math
Who were the Inca? Where • Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador ,Chile(Andes Mountains) • Capital was Cuzco, Peru • Machu Picchu was last stronghold of Inca When? 1200AD to 1533AD What kind of people? • Similar to Aztec, not as warlike • Empire was large, structured, and advanced • Famous for gold art and statues • Terrace farming on mountainsides, • Extensive road network. (20,000 miles) • Polytheistic religion • Quechua Language – still spoken What happened to the Inca? • Defeated by Francisco Pizarro in 1533 • Incans enslaved to mine gold and silver for Spain.
Cuzco: Ancient Capital of the Inca(11,000 ft. above sea level)
Over 100 Different Types of Potatoes Cultivated by the Incans
Incan Ceramic Jars Peanut Squash Potato Cacao God Cacao Pod
The Nazca Lines The Nazca are shrouded in mystery. Estimated dates of the civilization's existence are 300 B.C. to 800 A.D. Even more intriguing are the Nazca Lines, about 300 geolyphs carved into the Pampa coastal plains of Peru, an area south of Lima and the contours of the Andes. In total, the lines cover almost 400 square miles of desert. But the methods behind the creation and the purpose of the lines are still unknown. Nazca Lines video - 3 min.
As you watch the video answer the questions that you have written down. Guns, Germs, and Steel
