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有机化学专题复习 （烃的衍生物)

有机化学专题复习 （烃的衍生物). 一、分类 ：. 含卤衍生物——卤代烃 如 CHCl 3 C 6 H 6 Cl 6 C 2 H 3 Br 等. 醇 如 CH 3 OH HO-CH 2- CH 2 -OH 等. 烃的衍生物. 酚 如 C 6 H 5 OH CH 3 -C 6 H 4 -OH 等. 含氧衍生物. 醛 如 CH 3 CHO CH 2 =CHCHO 等. 羧酸 如 C 6 H 5 COOH CH 2 =CHCOOH 等.

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有机化学专题复习 （烃的衍生物)

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  1. 有机化学专题复习 （烃的衍生物)

  2. 一、分类： 含卤衍生物——卤代烃 如 CHCl3 C6H6Cl6 C2H3Br 等 醇 如 CH3OH HO-CH2-CH2-OH 等 烃的衍生物 酚 如 C6H5OH CH3-C6H4-OH 等 含氧衍生物 醛 如 CH3CHO CH2=CHCHO 等 羧酸 如C6H5COOH CH2=CHCOOH 等 酯 如 C2H5OOCCOOC2H5等 硝基化合物 如 C2H5NO2 C6H5NO2 等 胺 如 C6H5-NH2 H2NCH2CH2NH2 等 含氮衍生物 酰胺 如 H2NCONH2 HCONH2 等

  3. 一卤代烃 CH3Cl 卤代烃 多卤代烃 CHCl3 C6H6Cl6 脂肪卤代烃 饱和卤代烃 卤代烃 卤代烃 不饱和卤代烃 芳香卤代烃

  4. 一元醇 CH3OH 醇 C2H5OH CH2OHCH2OH 多元醇 饱和醇 C6H5CH2OH 脂肪醇 醇 醇 不饱和醇 芳香醇 CH2=CHCH2OH

  5. 酚 对－甲基苯酚

  6. 一元醛 芳香醛 不饱和醛 醛 邻－羟基苯甲醛 醛 饱和醛 脂肪醛 乙二醛 CHOCHO 多元醛 重要的酮－丙酮 CH3COCH3

  7. 一元羧酸 乙酸（分子间氢键） 羧酸 丙烯酸 苯基丙烯酸 多元羧酸 乙二酸 邻苯二甲酸酐 羧酸酐 乙酸酐

  8. 酯 尿素 H2NCONH2 乙酸乙酯 CH3COOC2H5 酰胺

  9. 二、烃的重要衍生物对比：

  10. 三、烃的重要衍生物的检验:

  11. 四、烃和烃的衍生物间的转化： +H2O + H2O - H2O 炔烃 卤代烃 烯烃 烷烃 + H2 +X2 酯化 + H2 + H2O 氧化 氧化 羧酸 醇 醛 酯 + HX 还原 水解 酯化 +X2 (HX) -HX 水解 + X2 (HX)

  12. 五、重要的烃和烃的衍生物的相互转化： C CH2CHCl —CH2-CHCl—n CH3CH3 CaC2 CH2BrCH2Br —CH2CH2—n CH3CH2Br C2H5OC2H5 CH4CH三CH CH2=CH2 C2H5OHCH3COOC2H5 CHBr=CHBr C6H6 C6H5Cl C6H5OH CH3CHO CH4 CH2BrCH2Br C6H5SO3H C6H5ONa CH3COOH CH3COONa C6H5NO2 C6H5OH(Br)3

  13. The End Good-Bye

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