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Lecture #2. Computer Animation. History of Animation. Oh-young Song Sejong University. Related Courses. Computer Graphics Handling the basics Focusing on realism Virtual Reality Focusing on Immersion Human Computer Interaction Focusing on Interaction. Early Animation.
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Lecture #2 Computer Animation History of Animation Oh-young Song Sejong University
Related Courses • Computer Graphics • Handling the basics • Focusing on realism • Virtual Reality • Focusing on Immersion • Human Computer Interaction • Focusing on Interaction
Early Animation • Do you know this?
How about these? Zeotrope - 1834 Phenakistiscope - 1832
Maybe you know this. Kineograph (flipbook) - 1868
A History of Animation • 1887: Goodwin invented nitrate celluloid film (For cell animation)
A History of Animation • 1887: Goodwin invented nitrate celluloid film • 1892: Reynard invented Praxinoscope
A History of Animation • 1887: Goodwin invented nitrate celluloid film • 1892: Reynard invented Praxinoscope • 1893: Edison invented the Kinetscope • Only one viewer at a time • 1894: Lumiere invented the cinematograph • Camera + Project + Printer
A History of Animation • 1900: THE ENCHANTED DRAWING • Live action films + replacement technique • 1906: HUMOROUS PHASES OF FUNNY FACES • The first animation recorded frame by frame http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/oahtml/oahome.html
A History of Animation • 1925: “The Adventures of Prince Achmed” • Lotte Reiniger, 1st feature animation • Silhouette animation
A History of Computer Animation • 1885: CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) • 1960: William F. Boeing coins “Computer Graphics” • 1961: John Whitney, “Father of Computer Graphics”
A History of Computer Animation • 1885: CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) • 1960: William F. Boeing coins “Computer Graphics” • 1961: John Whitney, “Father of Computer Graphics” • w/ Saul Bass, Intro. to Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo • 1961: Spacewars, 1st video game • 1963: Ivan Sutherland, Sketchpad
Sketchpad • Created by Ivan Sutherland (1963) • Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system
Sketchpad • Created by Ivan Sutherland • First GUI • Using lightpen • Icons • Copying • Rubber-banding of lines • Zoom in-out • Line, Arc
A History of Computer Animation • 1974: z-buffer, Ed Catmull • 1980: Tron, 1st feature film by CG
A History of Computer Animation • 1974: z-buffer, Ed Catmull • 1980: Tron, 1st feature film by CG • 1986: Luxo Jr. • 1987: nominated for Academy Awards • 1987: Silver Berlin Bear in Berlin International Film Festival • 1995: Toy Story, 1st full CG feature film
Short films of Pixar • http://www.pixar.com/shorts/
How to CreateExpressiveAnimation ? • Bill Tytla at the Walt Disney Studio, June 28, 1937. • "There is no particular mystery in animation.., it's really very simple, it is about the hardest in the world to do"
Principles of Animation • “The Illusion of Life”, by Thomas Johnson and Ollie Johnson
Principles of Animation • “The Illusion of Life”, by Thomas Johnson and Ollie Johnson • Principles of Traditional Animation Applied to 3D Computer Animation, John Lasseter, Siggraph 87.
Squash and Stretch Timing Anticipation Staging Follow Through Pose to Pose Slow In, Show Out Arcs Exaggeration Secondary Action Appeal 11 Principles
Squash and Stretch • Movement emphasizes rigidity • Preserve volume
Timing • Timing, or the speed of an action gives meaning to movement • Weight, Scaling, Emotion
Timing • Two keyframes of a head • No: hit by a tremendous force • ONE: hit by a frying pan • TWO: nervous tic • THREE: dodging a brick • FOUR: a crisp order “Move it!” • FIVE: friendly “Come on-hurry” • SIX: tracing a pretty girl • SEVEN: Getting a better look • EIGHT: Searching for the peanut butter • NINE: Considering thoughtfully • TEN: stretch a sore muscle
Anticipation • The preparation of an action • Revealing • Indicating Speed, Weight • Directing Attention
Staging • Staging is the presentation of an idea so that it is completely and unmistakably clear. • Readability • Personality • Mood
Follow Through • The termination of an action • Weight and drag • Initiation • Overlapping
Pose-to-Pose • Keyframes
Slow In, Slow Out • The spacing of the inbetweens • Non-linear interpolation
Slow In, Slow Out • The spacing of the inbetweens • Non-linear interpolation
Arcs • The visual path of action from one extreme to another is always described by an arc