Course: Introduction to Computers

1. Course: Introduction to Computers • Lecture: 4 Software

2. Introduction • Program: Set of sequence instruction that tell the computer what to do. • Software: A collection of programs, data, and information. • Programmer: The person who makes the program.

3. Computer Software

4. System Software • It is the software which is used by the computer or operates a computer system. • Built inside the computer or in a CD must be bought.

5. Programming language • Programs are developed by the programming languages. • It is a set of words, rules, syntax. • There are many programming languages each to solve specific kinds of problems. • Ex. ( C, Java, Pascal, …etc).

6. Programming language Generations of Programming Languages: • Machine Language. • Assembly Language. • High Level Language. • Application Generation. • Object Oriented Languages.

7. Programming language Generations of Programming Languages: 1.Machine Language: • It is written in 1, 0 (Binary system). • Difficult language. • Need long time. • Depends on the computer architecture.

8. Programming language Generations of Programming Languages: 2.Assembly Language: • Depends on using some of the mnemonic symbols, like: ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV. • Easier than the machine language. • Use other accounting systems. • Depends on the computer architecture. • A translator is needed and it is called (Assembler).

9. Programming language Generations of Programming Languages: • 3.High Level Language: • Use statements that user can understand. • It needs translators. • It can be used very easily to solve complex problems. • They are undependable of the computer’s architecture. • Ex. Python , C , Java

10. Programming language Generations of Programming Languages: • 4.Application Generations: • Database language used to create files, forms, queries and reports without the writing of any programs. • Ex. Oracle, Access.

11. Programming language Generations of Programming Languages: • 5.Object Oriented Languages: • Consist of a collection of objects. • Every object contains its variables, data, methods. • Encapsulation: which means that the data and its operations are collected in the same place. You can't access any data without using the operations.

12. System Software

13. Compiler And Interpreters Compilers and Interpreters: Program that translate the source code into object code. • Compilers:translate a whole program once and execute it. • Interpreters:translate and execute one instruction at a time. Its slower and use more space than the compiler.

14. Operating Systems • The most important software. • It holds all the instructions that make the computer work. • No computer can work if it dose not contain a O.S. • Consist of group of program (work like a team) the main control program is the Supervisor: • Known as the Monitor or Executive. • Guides the activates to all the O.S. parts. • Ex. DOS, Windows, Mac O.S, … etc.

15. MS Windows 1.x

16. MS Windows 98

17. Windows XP

18. Windows Vista

19. Windows 7

20. Windows 8

21. System1,2,3,4

22. MAC OS 8

23. MAC OS X

24. Mac OS X10.0 “Cheetah” & MAC OS X 10.1 “Puma” “Cheetah” “Puma”

25. Mac OS X10.2 “Jaguar” & MAC OS X 10.3 “Panther” “Jaguar” “Panther”

26. Mac OS X10.4 “Tiger” & MAC OS X 10.5 “Leopard” “Tiger” “Leopard”

27. Mac OS X10.6 “Snow Leopard” & MAC OS X 10.7 “Lion”& Mac OS X10.8 “Mountain Lion” “Snow Leopard” “Lion” “Mountain Lion”

28. Linux

29. Ubuntu

30. Operating System Functions • Booting up. • User Interface. • Task and resources management. • Monitoring. • File Management. • System security.

31. Operating System Type • Multitasking OS: execute more than one task at the same time. • Multiprocessing OS: uses more than one CPU. • Timesharing OS: time is shared between multi-user to execute their task. • Network OS • Real Time OS: Input and output operations are happing at the same time (medical devices).

32. Computer Software

33. Application Software • Application software is a software used by user • Two categories • Basic applications • general-purpose • Specialized applications • For specific, advanced tasks

34. Basic Application • Focus on basic and general-purpose tasks

35. Specialized Applications • Focus on specific disciplines and occupations • Make it possible to perform advanced tasks at home • Examples: • Graphics Programs • Audio and Video Editing Software • Multimedia Creation Programs • Web Designing Programs

36. Examples

37. Computer Parts O.S Application Software User

38. Interfaces • Interface: It’s the way that the user use to deal (communicate) with the computer. • Type: • Command Line Interface: • Commands must be typed on the keyboard. • It’s slow process. • Require a high degree of computer knowledge. • Graphical User Interface: • Use pictures, windows, menus, icons to represent object and operation. • User can select any object by pointing the mouse at it an click on it. • Ease, enjoyable.

41. System Development System Development: refers to replacing a manual system into a Computerized system. • Steps of the System Development (System Life Cycle): • Preliminary Analysis: What is the system requirements, organization objective. So gather data and write report. • Assess Feasibility: Determine if the solution is by computerizing the system?, Is the budget covers? • Design: Draw the plan on how its this can be implemented. • Implementation(Programming): Write the program. (in this step the system is physically designed).

42. System Development • Steps of the System Development (System Life Cycle): • Testing • Training • Hand over to client • Monitoring and maintaining the system.

43. Multimedia • Using text, audio, picture, video, …etc in the program. • Used in education, games, commercial. • Multimedia Computer specifications: • High specifications in terms of equipment: speed, memory, hard drive. • Peripherals: CD drive, sound card, microphone, …etc. • Large monitor: screen (graphical) card. • DVD drivers.