OECD Update European Science Foundation Brussels 15 April 2010 Robert Wells Directorate for

1. OECD Update European Science Foundation Brussels 15 April 2010 Robert Wells Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry

2. “…Longstanding commercial ties, private institutions, banks, insurance companies and shipping companies disappeared through loss of capital or through absorption , or by simple destruction. In many countries, confidence in the local currency has been shaken. The breakdown of the business structure of Europe during the war was complete… the rehabilitation of the economic structure of Europe will -- George Marshall require a much longer time and Harvard University greater effort than had been foreseen.” June 5th, 1947

3. The OECD Today

4. What the OECD Does: Main Bodies of Work • Economic and statistical baselines • Science and Technology Outlook • Policy analysis • Pharmacogenetics Report • Guidelines and recommendations • Molecular genetic testing • Licensing of genetic inventions • Human biobanks and genetic research databases

5. Policy can induce greater innovation Patenting in climate mitigation technologies relative to all sectors (indexed on 1980=1.0, Annex 1 ratification countries)

6. The OECD Innovation Strategy: Cutting across policy areas Science and technology Tax Investment Information and communications Industry and entrepreneurship Statistics Competition Trade Public governance

7. Much innovation is highly reliant on science….

8. Public investment is key Basic research performed in the public sector, 2007Percentage

9. Biotech Reliance on Public Science… Reliance of patents on science citations (biochemistry papers cited by pharmaceutical patents)

10. The financing of R&D has also changed over time … Financing of R&D, 1981-2005 • Business financing of R&D has taken on greater importance as innovation has become more important for firm performance – high-tech industries have grown in particular. • Government’s share has declined and other national sources (notably non-profit institutions) have become more important sources of R&D financing. 10

11. With some implications for R&D financing • Firms have started to finance R&D in universities to access basic research. • At the same time, governments are funding less business R&D through direct support. 11

12. New global players have emerged Contributions to growth in global R&D, 1996-2001 and 2001-2006 (in billion constant US PPP and %) Note: (1) Australia, Canada, Iceland, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway and Turkey (2) Argentina, Brazil, India, Israel, Russian Federation, Singapore, South Africa, Chinese Taipei Source: OECD.

13. Co-operation in science is increasingco-authored S&T articles (whole count), 1997 and 2007 1997 2007

14. …as is technology convergence Top patenting regions in biotechnology and nanotechnology, 2005-07As a percentage of patents in biotechnology and nanotechnology of the country

15. ... and innovation increasingly happens across borders • (institutions, countries, disciplines). Source: OECD Patent Database.

16. Key Messages of the Innovation Strategy • Don’t stop investing in STI upon exit from recovery packages • Develop networks and markets for knowledge and value capture • Overcome barriers to young firms and entrepreneurship • Enact policies to deliver coherence between demand and supply side policy measures • New model for governing multilateral STI co-operation • New metrics, especially for intangibles and outcomes

17. For further information • OECD website • www.oecd.org/innovation/strategy

18. Delivering Global Promise Through the Life Sciences • Joint venture between OECD and the ESRC’s Genomics Forum • December 6-7, 2010 at OECD Conference Centre, Paris • In concurrence with the OECD Working Party on Biotechnology • Unique dialogue between social scientists and policy makers

19. ESRC Genomics Network A network of UK research centres focusing on the social, economic, legal and cultural aspects of today’s life sciences. The EGN runs from 2002-2013 www.genomicsnetwork.ac.uk/forum

20. ESRC Genomics Network members Cesagen (Cardiff & Lancaster) Egenis (Exeter) Innogen (Edinburgh and Open University) Genomics Forum (Edinburgh)

21. Examples of EGN and related work Upstream and downstream trends in public engagement around the life sciences Kinship and family relations in the context of genomic medicine Innovations-systems studies of life-sciences industries Creating ‘promise’ and expectations in biomedicine and biotechnology

22. Key Themes of December Conference: • Knowledge Networks and Markets • Biodigital Futures: Informatisation and Convergence in the Life Sciences

23. ‘Workshop’-Level Themes Governance and public engagement in global perspective Personalised Medicine: a) avoiding new inequities/beyond blockbusters b) pharmaco-genomic ambitions in psychological and psychiatric genomics Green growth and life-science innovation for sustainability Trade, IP and the new politics of plants: food security and sustainable diets Convergent technologies: “Nano-SynBio”, designed life and biological computing

24. For More Information… • www.oecd.org • www.genomicsnetwork.ac.uk/forum

25. In conclusion… • Acknowledgements: • STI/STP Colleagues Iain Gillespie, Mario Cervantes, Ester Basri • Thank you!