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E co-compensation in Tai Lake Watershed. Water and Ocean Law in Times of Climate Change 1 November 2013 Liping Dai Supervisor: Marleen van Rijswick & Andrea Keessen. Contents. 1. Eco-compensation 2. Water problems of Tai Lake watershed
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Eco-compensation in Tai Lake Watershed Water and Ocean Law in Times of Climate Change 1 November 2013 Liping Dai Supervisor: Marleen van Rijswick & Andrea Keessen
Contents 1. Eco-compensation 2. Water problems of Tai Lake watershed 3. Types of eco-compensation within Tai Lake watershed 4. Conclusion
Eco-compensation Payments for ecosystem services (PES) Eco-compensation Narrow: PES-like(rewards) Broad: rewards & others (i.e. pollution charges)
2. Water problems in Tai Lake Watershed • Tai Lake • 36,500 square kilometers, the 3rd largest, 0.4% of total land, 4.4% of population, and 10.3% of GDP. • Transboundary pollution • Jiangsu Province (52.6%), Zhejiang Province(32.8%), Shanghai(14%) and Anhui Province (0.6%) • Agricultural pollution • Industrial pollution • 2.1 million in the Comprehensive Treatment Region (31,800 square kilometers)
3. Types of eco-compensation • Bidirectional eco-compensation between governments • Selecting cross-sectional areas • Designing Base-line • Monitoring the selected areas • Legal thinking?
2) Eco-compensation between governments and farmers • Example: enclosed fish farms in East Tai Lake • 90% in 2008 25% in 2013 • Direct cash payment • Farm resettlement • Side effect: social problems
3. Eco-compensation between governments and industries • Discharge permits paid-use • Bubble policy (determining assimilative capacity- controlling pollutants loading cap-allocating discharge credits) • VS. pollution discharge fees • Different principles • Different outcomes • Deficiency: • Pollutants limited in COD • Repetitive collection
4. Eco-compensation among industries • Emission Trading • Deficiency
4. Conclusion • Main feature • Risk