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Caesar and the Roman Navy

Caesar and the Roman Navy. Katie Walton LATN 6030. Control of the English Channel. Why cross the Channel? Up to this point: Veneti Battle of Morbihan. “No expedition across the channel could be contemplated with the fleet [of the Veneti] intact…”. De Bello Gallico 3.13.

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Caesar and the Roman Navy

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  1. Caesar and the Roman Navy Katie Walton LATN 6030

  2. Control of the English Channel Why cross the Channel? Up to this point: Veneti Battle of Morbihan “No expedition across the channel could be contemplated with the fleet [of the Veneti] intact…”

  3. De Bello Gallico 3.13 • Conflict at Morbihan • Describes the ships of the Veneti in detail • Flat bottomed • High bows and sterns • Oak • Solid

  4. 55 BCE: Expedition to Britain • 80 onerariae • 18 transports • Naves Longae • Scaphae/Speculatoria Navigia • Later –Naves Actuariae & Vectoria Navigia

  5. Onerariae • Used to transport two legions from Gaul • Large Sailing Vessels

  6. Naves Longae Trireme • Three levels of oars per side each pulled by one man • 62 rowers on top level, 54 rowers on middle and lower levels • Single ram: timber attached to cutwater at foot of bow ending in point 6-7ft from stern

  7. Naves Longae “Fours” • 2 levels of oars with two men at each • 88 oars

  8. Naves Longae “Fives” • Three levels of oars • two men per oar in two upper levels and one man per oar in lower level • 300 oars • 10ft deck • 120 troops

  9. Scaphae & SpeculatoriaNavigia • Used for scouting and reconnaissance • Towed behind Onerariae • Speculatoria Navigia • Oared • Specifically used for location and interception • Venetian Blue

  10. Naves Actuariae & VectoriaNavigia • “Romano-Celtic”Modeled on Veneti Ships Developed after the storms • Oared and Sailed • Flat Bottomed

  11. Naval Tactics • Ramming • Snapping Oars • Missiles • Corvus • Falx

  12. Crew Found on an inscription (describing a Greek “four”): • bow officer • regulates strokes of oarsmen • helmsmen • shipwright • assistant helmsmen • 5 @ bow and 5 @ stern • 2 catapult-men • 6 archers • masseur • doctor • oar-binder • 20 deck soldiers • 28 military personnel

  13. Bibliography Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico. 3.13. Mason, David. Roman Britain and the Roman Navy. Charleston, SC: Tempus Publishing, 2003. Morrison, J. S. Greek and Roman Oared Warships. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1996. Peddie, John. The Roman War Machine. Gloucestershire: Allan Sutton Publishing Ltd., 1996.

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