英汉翻译教程

1. 英汉翻译教程

2. WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF TRANSLATION!

3. 1.1 the story in the Bible 1. The history of translation

4. Tower of Babel • Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heaven, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest (otherwise) we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.”

5. So the lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of the earth. • Genesis 11:1-9 • 《 创世纪》

6. 王国维（1877年—1927年）

7. 3000 BC 1.2 the earliest translation in Egypt

8. The translation of Buddhist scripture from East Han Dynasty to Song Dynasty. The translation of science and technology works from late Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty. The translation of Western natural science and social science works (1840-1919) The mass translation since 1978. 1.3 the history of translation In China

9. Famous translators of Fujian origin: • 林纾、严复、辜鸿名、林语堂、冰心、郑振铎、张培基、朱纯深、陈羽纶、余光中…… • 《福建翻译家研究》林本椿 主编， 福建教育出版社，2004

10. What is translation? • Discuss with your partners: • How do you perceive translation? • As a language activity? • As an art? • As a kind of cross-cultural communication? • As a job? • As a subject? • Why?

11. Understanding • A language activity: one of the five skills in learning English • An art: the processes as well as the product • Communication: translation or die • Job: for some people, it is a job • Subject: to learn translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science. • Translation is also a good way to develop your own language, both native and foreign language.

12. “transfer of a text from a source language into a text in target language, the objective being a perfect equivalence of meaning between the two texts.”(Tanke ,1976) 2. the nature of translation

13. Translation is an intentional, interpersonal, partly verbal intercultural interaction based on a source text. （Nord：2001） 2. the nature of translation

14. Translation is a science/ an art/ a craft/ a skill/ an operation/ a cross-linguistic communication/ a cross-cultural communication/ 2. the nature of translation

15. Translation means translating meanings(Nida). …… 2. the nature of translation

16. 3 the rules of translation Alexander Fraser Tytler’s 3 principles(1797) : • The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work. • The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. • The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.

17. Yanfu (1898): faithfulness, fluency and elegance

18. 3.3Eugene A. Nida: “Theory of Equivalent Effect”

19. 3.4 Hans & Vermeer：the theory of “skopos”

20. 3.5 钱钟书：化境 • Sublimed adaptation

21. 3.6 傅雷：“神似”论spiritual conformity

22. Polysystem translation theory • Deconstruction theory • Culture turn in translation • …

23. 翻译标准——虽不能至，心向往之

24. 4. Process of Translation: • comprehending, • expressing • and checking.

25. Deficiency of machine translation: • There is three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. • 有问题的3状态：固体，液体和气体。 • Joke: The mouse clicked and escaped. • 老鼠吱吱地叫着就逃跑了。

26. Ex. Improve the following translation: • 1. The present vehicle of this economic domination by the North of the South is the multinational corporation. • 原译：当前北方对南方的经济统治的工具就是跨国公司。

27. Ex. Improve the following translation: • 1. The present vehicle of this economic domination by the North of the South is the multinational corporation. • 改译：跨国公司是当前发达国家从经济上支配发展中国家的手段。

28. Ex. Improve the following translation • 2. She is a valuable acquisition of the company. • 原译：她是这家公司有价值的收获。

29. Ex. Improve the following translation: • 2. She is a valuable acquisition of the company. • 改译：她是这家公司不可多得的人才。

30. Ex. Improve the following translation: • 3. It would be impossible for us to supply this small quantity in materials of varying design and colour, without considerably raising prices. • 原译文：你们要我们提供的料子，要得这么少，花样、颜色又很杂，再不多少提点价儿，恐怕办不到。

31. 3.It would be impossible for us to supply this small quantity in materials of varying design and colour, without considerably raising prices. • 改译：如不做适当提价，要本公司供应这种量少且花色各异的料子，实在难以办到。

32. 4. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive. • 原译文：因为，毕竟所有活着的生物，不论是植物还是动物，死的还是活的都靠吃某种别的东西生存。

33. 4. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive. • 改译：所有活着的生物毕竟都是靠吃别的东西来生存的，不论这些东西是植物还是动物，是死的还是活的。

34. 5. Knowledge involved in translation • 5.1 pragmatics: • the science of linguistics which studies the speaker’s meaning or the utterance’s meaning.

35. eg. “You have left the door open.” has different utterance meaning:

36. “You have left the door open.” • 1). Report a fact that you forgot to close the door. • 2). That is why the room is so cold. • 3). Close the door, please.

37. “Thomas Sawyer!” Tom knew that when his name was pronounced in full, it meant trouble. • “I don’t have to tell you anything. NORMAN PAGE. Not a single thing” .

38. 5.2 background knowledge/ logic • 英国总统是演员出身 • （韩国）壁虎的爱情 • (Sun: 2003:18)

39. Ex. • 1) Columbus left Spain with three small ships---Santa Maria, Pinta and Nina--- on 3rd August 1492, and saw land on 14th October. • 2) Until the railways were built, long journeys were made by coach. This often took many days because the roads were bad.

40. 3) Do El Salvador’s leaders really want to see their country turn into a Central AmericanLebanan? • 4) At home and abroad there is a strong dissenting view that sees the treaty as a newMunich . • 5）It was Friday and soon they’d go out and get drunk.

41. 5.3 Social linguistics: a branch of linguistics that studies the relationship of language and society. • eg. An excerpt from “Pygmalion” by Bernard Shaw. • The flower girl:…will ye---oo py me f’them? • The daughter: Do nothing of the sort, Mother. The idea!

42. The flower girl:…will ye---oo py me f’them? • The daughter: Do nothing of the sort, Mother. The idea! • 译文：卖花女：你肯给钱吗？ • 女儿：妈，一个子儿也别给，想得倒美！

43. 5.4 Semiotics 符号学 eg. “I” bar They sat down in a triangle, facing each other.

44. 6. The basic unit of translation: • ‘as short as is possible, as long as is necessary ’

45. 7. Basic requirements for this course: • basic theory of translation • basic skills in translation • bilingual skills (comprehension, writing) • awareness of rhetorical devices and styles • the habit of consulting reference books or dictionaries

46. basic requirement for passage translating: (good handwriting, correct punctuation, no wrong writing of characters or misprints) • grade 8 test: 20% for translation in one hour

47. Assessment criteria: Passage translation once every 2-3 weeks (50%)and final exam(50%).

48. You will have to: • read more; • practise more; • think more; • discuss more

49. Discussion • What do you think translation is? • What do you think is the role of translators?

50. 8.Lexical Comparison of English and Chinese 8.1 The meaning of words: 8.1.1 equivalent: • proper nouns and scientific terms such as “radar, New York, leukemia” • objects or ideas which exit in both languages: the sun; hand; bike; airport