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THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS and THE END OF WORLD WAR II

THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS and THE END OF WORLD WAR II. AUGUST – SEPTEMBER, 1945. The End of the War. Japan Loses Ground: Why? U.S. submarine campaign Massive U.S. bombing campaign Heavy battlefield casualties Desperate measures: “Kamikaze” (Define) campaign “No surrender” on battlefield

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THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS and THE END OF WORLD WAR II

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  1. THE ATOMIC BOMBINGSand THE END OF WORLD WAR II AUGUST – SEPTEMBER, 1945

  2. The End of the War • Japan Loses Ground: Why? • U.S. submarine campaign • Massive U.S. bombing campaign • Heavy battlefield casualties • Desperate measures: • “Kamikaze” (Define) campaign • “No surrender” on battlefield • Homeland defense training • U.S. Closes in: How will the war End?

  3. The Atomic Bomb • When? • 1942 -1945 • Where? • Oak Ridge, Tennessee • Los Alamos, New Mexico • Codename: The Manhattan Project • Who? • Gen. Leslie Groves • J. Robert Oppenheimer • The First Test: • July 16, 1945 • Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico • Success

  4. THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

  5. TRINITY TEST SITE TOWER

  6. TRINITY TEST, JULY 16, 1945

  7. DETONATION SEQUENCE

  8. 10 SEC. AFTER DETONATION

  9. DETONATION – FROM DISTANCE

  10. To Bomb Or Not To Bomb • Why drop the bomb? • Prevent an invasion of Japan • Prevent the risk of massive casualties • End the war more quickly • Why Not? • Is it ethical? • Do we really need to? • Do we understand the long-term effects? • What do YOU think?

  11. THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS • When? • August 6, 1945: Hiroshima • August 9, 1945: Nagasaki • Effect? Describe: • Result? Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan Surrenders • World War II Ends

  12. TIBBETS & SWEENY

  13. Major Charles Sweeny, U.S. Army A.F., Lead Pilot, Nagasaki Mission

  14. NAGASAKI BOMBER B-29 SUPERFORTRESS “BOCKS CAR”

  15. AERIAL VIEW - NAGASAKI BEFORE BOMBING

  16. AERIAL VIEW – NAGASAKI AFTER BOMBING

  17. NAGASAKI BOMBING AUGUST 9th, 1945

  18. “LITTLE MAN” ATOMIC BOMB

  19. “FAT BOY” ATOMIC BOMB

  20. TYPES OF ATOM BOMBS • Hiroshima “Gun” Bomb • Nagasaki “Implosion” Bomb

  21. ATOMIC BOMB FIGURES • WW II ATOMIC BOMBS: • 1000 TONS OF TNT = 1 “KILOTON” • WW II BOMBS = 13,000 TONS = 13 KILOTONS • 1952 “HYDROGEN” BOMB: • 1 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 1 “MEGATON” • HYDROGEN BOMB = 3 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 3 MEGATONS • 1955: U.S. HAD 30,000+ MEGATONS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONRY • ALL EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE USED BY ALL NATIONS IN WWII ADDED TOGETHER = 1.2 MEGATONS

  22. HIROSHIMA – AFTER BOMBING

  23. HIROSHIMA “SHADOW”

  24. NAGASAKI AFTERMATH

  25. NAGASAKI DEAD, 1945

  26. JAPANESE URBAN TARGETS

  27. NAGASAKI BLAST RADIUS

  28. NAGASAKI BOMB CASUALTIES • DISTANCE FROM GROUND ZERO (KM): • 0-1.0 km: 88% Killed, 6% Injured, Pop.: 30,900 • 1.0-2.5 km: 34% Killed, 29% Injured, Pop.: 27,700 • 2.5-5.0 km: 11% Killed, 10% Injured, Pop.: 115,200 • TOTAL: 22% Killed, 12% Injured,Pop.: 173,800

  29. ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTIES

  30. BOMBING EFFECTS ON JAPAN

  31. 20-KILOTON BLAST ESTIMATE

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