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Funding Sources for Academic Research

Funding Sources for Academic Research. Nearly all academic research in the UK is funded by the government through Research Councils. There are 6 Research Councils in total: EPSRC – Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council NERC – Natural Environment Research Council

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Funding Sources for Academic Research

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  1. Funding Sources for Academic Research Nearly all academic research in the UK is funded by the government through Research Councils. There are 6 Research Councils in total: EPSRC – Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council NERC – Natural Environment Research Council PPARC – Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council BBSRC – Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council ESRC – Economic and Social Research Council MRC – Medical Research Council And: CCLRC – Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils

  2. The UK e-Science Programme Kerstin Kleese van Dam (For Tony Hey Director of UK e-Science Core Programme Tony.Hey@epsrc.ac.uk)

  3. e-Science and the Grid ‘e-Science is about global collaboration in key areas of science, and the next generation of infrastructure that will enable it.’ John Taylor Director General of Research Councils Office of Science and Technology

  4. GRID GRID Vision Computing resources Instruments Complex problem Data People Solution Knowledge

  5. The Grid as an Enabler for Virtual Organisations • Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman and Steve Tueke • ‘The Grid is a software infrastructure that enables flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions and resources’ • - includes computational systems and data storage resources and specialized facilities • Enabling infrastructure for transient ‘Virtual Organisations’

  6. UK e-Science Initiative: First Phase • £120M Programme over 3 years from April 2001 • £75M is for Grid Applications in all areas of science and engineering • £10M as first installment for UK HPC(X) • £35M ‘Core Program’ to encourage development of generic ‘industrial strength’ Grid middleware • Require £20M additional ‘matching’ funds from industry

  7. UK e-Science Programme Technical Advisory Group Director’s Awareness and Co-ordination Role Director’s Management Role Generic Challenges EPSRC (£15M), DTI (£20M) Pilot Application Programme PPARC (£26M) BBSRC (£8M) MRC (£8M) NERC (£7M) ESRC (£3M) EPSRC (£17M) CLRC (£5M) Research Councils (£74M) Collaborative projects Industrial Collaboration (£20M)

  8. e-Science Steering Committee Technical Advisory Group Research Councils e-Science Directors Core Programme Project Teams Director e-Science Core Programme Relevant National/ International bodies: e.g. JISC, CERN e-Science Support Based at EPSRC and at DTI UK e-Science Management DGRC/CERCs CEO/EPSRC

  9. Excerpt from e-Science CP Director’s job objectives ‘Develop effective collaborative Core Programme projects between the science base, industry and national funding agencies, and ensure the application and outcomes from the projects.’

  10. UK e-Science Projects £75M for e-Science Grid Application ‘pilots’ - spanning all sciences and engineering • Particle Physics and Astronomy (PPARC) - £17M GridPP and £5M AstroGrid • Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPSRC) - funding 6 projects at around £3M each • Biology, Medical and Environmental Science - funding projects with total value of £23M

  11. UK GridProjects: First Phase (1) Particle Physics and Astronomy (PPARC) • GRIDPP • ASTROGRID Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPSRC) • Comb-e-Chem • DiscoveryNet • GEODISE • myGrid • RealityGrid

  12. Comb-e-Chem Project Video Simulation Properties Analysis StructuresDatabase Diffractometer X-Raye-Lab Propertiese-Lab Grid Middleware

  13. GEODISE Project

  14. Computational science • Molecular dynamics • Mesoscale modelling • High throughput experiments • High performance visualization • Computational steering • Terascale parallel computing

  15. myGrid Project • Imminent ‘deluge’ of data • Highly heterogeneous • Highly complex and inter-related • Convergence of data and literature archives

  16. Discovery Net Project In Real Time Scientific Information Scientific Discovery Real Time Integration Workflow Construction Operational Data Literature Instrument Data Databases Interactive Visual Analysis Dynamic Application Integration Using Distributed Resources Images

  17. KEGG Inter Pro SMART Execute distributed annotation workflow SWISS PROT EMBL NCBI TIGR SNP GO Interactive Editor & Visualisation How It Works Nucleotide Annotation Workflows Download sequence from Reference Server Save to Distributed Annotation Server • 1800 clicks • 500 Web access • 200 copy/paste • 3 weeks work in 1 workflow and few second execution

  18. UK GridProjects: First Phase (2) Natural Environment Applications (NERC) • Climateprediction.com • Oceanographic Grid • Molecular Environmental Grid • NERC DataGrid (with CP) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences (BBSRC) • Biomolecular Grid • Proteome Annotation Pipeline • High-Throughput Structural Biology • Global Biodiversity

  19. York Nottingham Birmingham Oxford RAL London Southampton BioSim GRID 1st Level Metadata – Describing the Simulation Data… 2nd Level Metadata – Describing the Results of Generic Analyses… distributed ‘raw’ data … Structure of the proposed biosimulation database A biosimulation GRID for the UK

  20. Integrating Different Levels of Simulation molecular cellular organism Sansom et al. (2000) Trends Biochem. Sci. 25:368 • An e-science challenge – non-trivial • NASA IPG as a possible paradigm • Need to integrate rigorously if to deliver accurate & hence biomedically useful results Noble (2002) Nature Rev. Mol. Cell.Biol. 3:460

  21. UK GridProjects: First Phase (3) Medical Applications (MRC) • Biology of Ageing (with BBSRC) • Sequence and Structure Data • Molecular Genetics • Cancer Management (with PPARC) • Clinical e-Science Framework • Neuroinformatics Modeling Tools

  22. CLEF - Clinical e-Science Framework Partners: • AstraZeneca, GSK, BMJ Publishing Group • CSW Informatics, iSoft plc, Sun Microsystems Limited • UK National Health Service • NHS Information Authority Stakeholder Relations • Camden & Islington Health Authority • Central Manchester and Manchester Childrens' Health Authority • Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust • Universities of Cambridge, Manchester, Freiburg and University College London

  23. CLEF - Integrating information • High quality, integrated clinical information is key to: • clinical research • evidence-based health care • the clinical application of genetic and genomic research • Capture, integration, and presentation of descriptive information is a major barrier to achieving an integrated framework • Data includes: • clinical histories • radiology and pathology reports • annotations on genomic and image databases • technical literature and Web based resources

  24. e-Science and Grid Middleware ‘e-Science is about global collaboration in key areas of science, and the next generation of infrastructure that will enable it.’ John Taylor • Requirements of e-Science Grid Application Projects determine services required by Grid middleware • UK Projects focus more on Grid Data Services than Teraflop/s HPC systems

  25. e-ScienceCore Program: First Phase • £15M OST + £20M DTI + £20M Industry • Network of e-Science Centres • UK e-Science Grid • Support for e-Science Applications • Grid Network Issues • Generic/Industrial Grid Middleware 5. e-Health Grid ‘Grand Challenges’ 6. Outreach/International Activities

  26. UK e-Science Grid Edinburgh Glasgow Newcastle Belfast Manchester DL Cambridge Oxford Hinxton RAL Cardiff London Southampton

  27. UK e-Science Grid • All e-Science Centres donating resources plus four dedicated compute/data clusters • Supercomputers, clusters, storage, facilities • All Centres run same Grid Software • Starting point is Globus 2 and Condor: Storage Resource Broker (SRB) • Standard Grid middleware supported • e-Science Grid now at ‘Level 2’: moving towards production Grid with real users

  28. Access Grid – Group Conferencing All UK e-Science Centres have AG rooms Widely used for technical and management meetings Multi-site group-to-group conferencing system Continuous audio and video contact with all participants Globally deployed

  29. Support for e-Science Projects • Grid Support Centre in operation • supported Grid middleware & users • see www.grid-support.ac.uk • National e-Science Institute • Research Seminars • Training Programme • See www.nesc.ac.uk • National Certificate Authority • Issue digital certificates for projects • Goal is ‘single sign-on'

  30. Anatomy of a Digital Certificate Public Key A text string ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV Validity Data Extensions Signature from CA’s private key

  31. How a certificate is issued • The Registration Authority (RA) approves a request for a certificate. The RA is local to the users. • The CA then issues the corresponding certificate.

  32. How does it work? 1. Scientist wishes to access a resource, so he sends a copy of the certificate to the resource 2. Resource says: prove it’s your certificate Challenge Response 3. Scientist proves that he has the corresponding private key 4. Resource is convinced that scientist is who he claims to be and decides to give him access Private Key

  33. UK CA Statistics, February 2003 • 250 valid certificates issued • 24 RAs (more waiting for approval/training etc) • Issuing 60 certificates /month • Adding 3 RAs / month • Adding 6 RA operators /month • UK certificates recognized by EU and US projects

  34. Grid Network Team • Expert group to identify end-to-end network bottlenecks and other network issues - e.g. problems with multicast for Access Grid • Identify e-Science project requirements • Funding (with PPARC and EPSRC) a number of network QoS, scheduling and monitoring projects • ‘UKLight’ lambda connection to Chicago and Amsterdam now approved

  35. UK Backbone Infrastructure • Based on SuperJANET4 academic network run by UKERNA for JISC • WorldCom(!) providing national backbone for SJ4 – now at 20Gbps • Connections to universities via MANs at up to 2.5Gbps • ‘Last mile’ problem? • Research network use versus teaching, web-searching, email – differential services?

  36. SuperJANET4

  37. Access Grid Multicast One source sending same data to 3 receivers only has to have one copy of data (more copies are made only when necessary)

  38. Networking Research Projects GRS, GRID resource management GRID Infrastructure ‘ FutureGRID, P2P architecture Service Infrastructure GridMcast, Multicast-enabled data distribution Network Infrastructure MB-NG, QoS Features GRIDprobe, backbone passive monitoring at 10Gbps

  39. CP Collaborative Industrial Projects: First Phase • 9 Centres with ring-fenced allocations • £11M CP + £11M Industry funding • £5M Open Call Projects • All First Phase funds now committed • Over 60 Companies involved

  40. CP Centre Projects • 68 different companies • Range of disciplines (IT, Engineering, Pharma, Environmental etc) • New sectors engaged (broadcasting, defence, banking etc) • Industrial Funds more than match DTI funds • All Centres have spent money allocated or have projects under consideration • 6 projects CeSC, • 4 OeSC • 5 NEReSC • 4 NeSC), • 5 SeSC • 2 LeSC • 5 WeSC • 7 eSNW • 5 BeSC • Total of 43 projects

  41. CP Open Call Projects • Visualization Middleware for e-Science • e-Science Technologies in the Simulation of Complex Materials • Performance-based Middleware for Grid Computing • A scalable monitoring platform for the GRID (GridProbe) • eDiamond distributed mammographic archive • End-to-End traffic management services • Information eXtraction from Images (IXI) • Deductive Synthesis Techniques to the Rapid Assembly of Grid Applications • Trustworthy GRID Resource Management • A Grid-based approach to the validation and testing of lubrication models • Self-Organising GRID Resource Management • Jigsaw: Distributed and dynamic visualisation generation • FutureGRID: a program for long-term research into GRID systems architecture • Total of 13 projects

  42. OGSA – DAI Project • Design Specification completed • Papers for GGF WG on Database Access and Integration Services • Three Prototypes delivered: • Distributed Query Service • XML Database Interface • Relational Database Interface • Alpha versions delivered January 2003 • Integrate with Globus GT3

  43. Open Grid Services Architecture • Development of Web Services • OGSA will provide Naming /Authorization / Security / Privacy/… • Projects looking at higher level services: Workflow, Transactions, DataMining, Knowledge Discovery… • Exploit Synergy: Commercial Internet with Grid Services

  44. IRC ‘Grand Challenge’ Projects • Equator: Technological innovation in physical and digital life • AKT: Advanced Knowledge Technologies • DIRC: Dependability of Computer-Based Systems • MIAS: From Medical Images and Signals to Clinical Information

  45. e-Health Grid ‘Grand Challenges’ • Grid-Enabled Knowledge Services for Medical Informatics -Triple Assessment in Breast Cancer: Clinical, Radiological and Cytological data fusion • Grid-based Medical Devices for Everyday Health -Patient sensors, mobile wireless communication • eDiamond Digital Mammography - Normalized archive of mammograms - Oxford, IBM (£2M), Mirada and Hospitals

  46. eDiamond Mammograms have different appearances, depending on image settings and acquisition systems SMF is a normalised representation independent of scanner settings

  47. eDiamond Applications of SMF Teleradiology and QC VirtualMammo Training and Differential Diagnosis “Find one like it” ? Advanced CAD SMF-CAD workstation Epidemiology SMFcomputed breast density

  48. International Involvement • Funding UK participation in the Global Grid Forum Research/Working Groups • Funding for International CS ‘Grid Fellowships’ • CERN DataGrid and USA iVDGL • International members on TAG • Participation in EU FP5 Grid Activities • e.g. EU DataGrid and DataTAG projects • Development of FP6 Grid Projects • First call closes April/May • EGEE, EU Open Middleware Infrastructure Institute?

  49. e-Science Demonstrators • Dynamic Brain Atlas • Biodiversity • Chemical Structures • Mouse Genes • Robotic Astronomy • Collaborative Visualisation • Climateprediction.com • Medical Imaging/VR • Seamless Access to Multiple Databases

  50. First Phase: 2001 –2004 Application Projects £74M All areas of science and engineering Core Programme £35M Collaborative industrial projects Second Phase: 2003 –2006 Application Projects £96M All areas of science and engineering Core Programme £16M + £25M (?) Core Grid Middleware UK e-Science Funding

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