Objective 6.01

1. Objective 6.01 Housing Styles

2. Native American Housing

3. Tipi, teepee, or tepee • Ideal portable home, cool in summer and warm in winter • 3 or 4 poles lashed together at the top to form a cone shape and covered with hides • entrance faced east to get the morning sun

4. Adobe (means “mud brick”) • Made from sand, clay, water, and some kind of organic material (sticks, straw, and/or manure), which builders shape into bricks and dry in the sun • Extremely durable and account for some of the oldest existing buildings in the world

5. Pueblo • Construction materials similar to Adobes • Multi-level homes built on top of each other into cliffs, caves, and on level grounds.

6. Longhouse • Built from young trees that were bent to form a long, rectangular frame with a barrel-shaped roof • Frame covered by overlapping strips of bark • Long doorways on each end • Housed multiple families.

7. Wigwam • a frame of arched poles covered with a roofing material made of grass, brush, bark, rushes, mats, reeds, hides or cloth • Construction varies with the culture and local availability of materials • Good houses for people who stay in the same place for months at a time.

8. Early American period (1640-1720)

9. Half-Timbered Exterior of house has an exposed wood frame with brick or plaster filling between the frames.

10. Cape Cod and Ell Very simple symmetrical design with a central front door, surrounded by two multi-paned windows and a steep pitched roof Ells (a building addition at a right angle to the main structure) added later to provide more space

11. Saltbox Has a long sloping roof and few windows on the back side Usually one story in the back and two stories in the front Earliest saltbox houses were created when a lean-to addition was added onto the rear of the original house extending the roof line

12. Garrison • Garrison itself means “a strong structure” • Typically two stories with the second-story overhanging in the front.

13. German and Dutch Influences farmhouse, c1760 Addition of shed dormers (instead of gable style) to add light and ventilation to the roof area Primarily characterized by gambrel roofs having curved eaves along the edges of the house.

14. Spanish (Coquina) State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory, http://floridamemory.com/items/show/31716 The oldest Spanish house in existence in the United States today is located in Florida was built with coquina Coquina is a soft whitish limestone formed of broken shells and corals cemented together

15. French Colonial • Upright timber installed directly into the ground with lime mortar and clay mixed with small stones in between the timbers. • Raised basement which would support the floor of the home's primary living quarters. • Exterior stairs often leading to a full length porch over the front façade. • Casement windows were placed on opposite sides of the house to encourage cross-ventilation • Encircling porches accessed via French doors • Steeply pitched hipped roofs

16. Swedish/Scandinavian Built sturdy homes, which became a part of American folklore and were looked upon as truly American buildings called log cabins

17. Eighteenth Century 1720-1840

18. Georgian • Symmetrically, centered entry with windows aligned horizontally and vertically • Side-gabled roof; sometimes a gambrel or hipped • Paneled front doors, capped with a decorative crown (pediment) often supported by decorative pilasters • Rectangular or fanlight transom above door • Cornice (decorative strip is located where the roof and the exterior wall of a house meet) emphasized by decorative dentil moldings • High-Style Elaborations: • Pedimented windows and dormers • Belt course between stories (masonry examples) • Quoins of stone or wood imitating stone • Roof balustrades (after 1750) • Centered front gable (pediment) or shallow projecting central gable (after 1750) • Two-story pilasters (after 1750)

19. High Style Georgian Typical Georgian

20. Federal • Low-pitched roof, or flat roof with a balustrade • Windows arranged symmetrically around a center doorway • Semicircular fanlight over the front door • Narrow side windows flanking the front door • Decorative crown or roof over front door • Tooth-like dentil moldings in the cornice • Palladian window • Circular or elliptical windows

21. Federal

22. Adam • The Adam style was a refinement of the preceding Georgian style. Compared to the earlier Georgian houses, Adam houses tend to appear to have a lightness and delicacy • Semi-circular or elliptical fanlight over the front door, with or without side lights • A fanlight often incorporated into a more elaborate door surround, which may include a decorate crown or small entry porch • A cornice usually emphasized by decorate moldings • Three part Palladian-style windows • High style houses may have curved or polygon projections to the side or to the rear.

23. Adam

24. Greek Revival /Early Classical Revival • Heavy entablature and cornices • Gable or hipped roof of low pitch • Gable-front orientation • Generally symmetrical, though entry is often to one side • Front door surrounded by narrow sidelights and rectangular transom, usually incorporated into more elaborate door surround • Small frieze-band windows set into wide band trim below cornice • Cornice lines emphasized with wide band of trim (plain or with incised decoration, representing classical entablature) • Porticos common, either entry or full-width supported by prominent columns

25. Greek Revival /Early Classical Revival

26. Nineteenth century

27. Romantic Revival Period: Gothic • Steeply pitched roof, cross-gabled • Decorative gingerbread trim • Pointed-arch windows, sometimes stained glass, like churches • Gothic window above entry • One-story porch with flattened, Gothic arches

28. Gothic Revival

29. Italianate • Two or three stories; typically asymmetrical • Low-pitched, hipped roof with wide overhanging eaves • Large eave brackets dominate cornice • Tall, narrow windows; paired and triple windows frequent; bay windows common • Windows frequently embellished with heavy crown molding or pediments in inverted U-shape • Porches nearly universal • Paired doorways common; large-pane glazing in door itself; arched doors; elaborate framing decorations • High-Style Elaborations: • Square cupolas or towers • Horizontal belt courses and corner quoins • Balconies with balustrades

30. Italianate

31. Second Empire • Mansard roof with dormer windows on steep, lower slope • Molded cornices • Decorative brackets beneath eaves • Decorative details similar to Italianate (windows, doors, and porch) • Tall first-story windows; elaborate window surrounds (arched, hooded, pedimented, or dentiled) • One or two-story bay windows common • Full porches common • Tall chimneys • Typically stone but also brick or wood frame with clapboard siding • High-Style Elaborations: • Rectangular or square towers, usually centered on the front façade • Ornate cast-iron cresting at roof ridges and tower

32. Second Empire

33. Second EmpireHeck-Andrews House in Raleigh, NC

34. Queen Anne • Asymmetrical two or three-storied • Complex intersecting gabled or hipped roofs • Projecting upper floors • Bay windows, often cut away from upper stories • Extensive porches and verandas with turned porch posts and balustrade spindles • Towers, turrets • Multitude of applied features such as brackets, roof cresting, and ornamental chimneys • Mixing of stylistic details from various architectural styles including reinterpreted classical forms • Textured wall patterns including decorative shingles typical • Lacy ornamentation around porch entries and at gable ends common • Windows often edged with leaded or colored glass • Rich, bold paint color schemes

35. Queen Anne

36. Twentieth century

37. Colonial Revival • Gable, Hipped, or Gambrel roofs • Accentuated front door with decorative pediment supported by pilasters or extended forward and supported by slender columns to form entry porch • Fanlights and sidelights common • Palladian windows common • Centered door; aligned double-hung sash windows • One-story wings, usually with a flat roof and commonly embellished with a balustrade • Dormers, often with exaggerated, eclectic pediments

38. Colonial Revival

39. Tudor • Steeply pitched gable roofs • Playfully elaborate masonry chimneys (often with chimney pots) • Embellished doorways • Groupings of windows • Decorative half-timbering

40. Tudor

41. Chateauesque • Round tower with conical roof • Steeply pitched hipped or gable roof, often with cresting • Tall chimneys with decorative caps • Round arch or flattened basket-handle arch entry • Multiple dormers • Quatrefoil or arched tracery decorative elements • Balustrade terrace • Usually of masonry (stone or brick) construction

42. Chateauesque

43. Mission •  Mission-shaped roof parapet • Wide, overhanging eaves with decorative brackets • Red clay roof tiles • Arched doorways • Deep window openings without framing, except the sill • Quatrefoil windows

44. Prairie • Originated by Frank Lloyd Wright • Horizontal lines - everything about a prairie home is horizontally oriented. • Simple materials - uses natural stains to let the character of wood show through. • Cantilevered, flat roofs - long, horizontal roofs on prairie houses had a large, straight overhang, sometimes up to four feet. • Rows of windows - often features several windows in a row, placed together for the appearance of a glass wall. • Organic patterns - Prairie windows often had window mullions, or dividers, with geometric patterns

45. Prairie

46. Craftsman/Bungalow • Low-pitched gable roof • Front porch with tapered columns • Doors have glass panes in the upper third of the door • Multi-pane windows with no mullions on the bottom sash • Single, wide dormers • Mixture of materials usually clapboard and stone • Exposed rafters under wide eaves

47. Craftsman/Bungalow

48. International • Rectangular forms • Flat roof • Lack of ornamentation or decorative details • Ribbon windows • Curtain walls of glass • Cantilevered projections • Smooth wall surfaces • Asymmetrical facade

49. International

50. Mid Twentieth century to present