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Trade Facilitation and Development

Trade Facilitation and Development. Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org, July 2014. Trade Facilitation and Development. 10 global trends in Trade and Logistics TF measures TF and development TF implementation. Trade Facilitation and Development. 10 global trends in Trade and Logistics TF measures

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Trade Facilitation and Development

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  1. Trade Facilitation and Development Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org, July 2014

  2. Trade Facilitation and Development • 10 global trends in Trade and Logistics • TF measures • TF and development • TF implementation

  3. Trade Facilitation and Development • 10 global trends in Trade and Logistics • TF measures • TF and development • TF implementation

  4. 1. Exports of manufactured goods Developing countries have become major exporters of manufactured goods

  5. Developing countries’ share in seaborne trade % Share of global seaborne trade (tonnes). Source: UNCTAD, Review of Maritime Transport, 2013

  6. Developing countries’ share in seaborne trade Old Scenario: Developing countries exported large volumes of raw materials and imported high value (low volume) manufactured goods % Share of global seaborne trade (tonnes). Source: UNCTAD, Review of Maritime Transport, 2013

  7. Developing countries’ share in seaborne trade Today’s Scenario: Developing countries participate in globalized production. They also import raw materials and also export manufactured goods % Share of global seaborne trade (tonnes). Source: UNCTAD, Review of Maritime Transport, 2013

  8. “Developing economies’ market share increased the most (…) for the following export products” Source: UNCTAD, Handbook of statistics 2012

  9. 2. Globalized production • Intra-company trade • Trade in intermediate products • Logistics part of production process

  10. World trade by stage of processing Source: UNCTAD, Key Trends in International Merchandise Trade, 2013

  11. Share of developing countries in value added trade and in gross exports Source: UNCTAD, Global Value Chains and Development, 2013

  12. 3. security concerns Security measures along the entire supply chain

  13. 4. New Geography of Trade Growing South-South Trade

  14. Growing South-South tradeDestinationof exports from the South(as share of total exports from the South) Source: UNCTAD, South-South Trade Monitor #2, July 2013

  15. 5. Regional integration • Increased regional and transit trade

  16. Intra-Africantrade Source: UNCTAD, Economic Development in Africa Report, July 2013

  17. 6. Changing logistics expenditures Inventory holding expenditures decrease, and Transport expenditures increase CSCM – State of Logistics Report various issues. Data for United States

  18. 7. Technologies • Containerization, shipping networks • Use of computers and Internet

  19. Containerization Bernhofen et al, 2013 The Economist, May 2013

  20. 8. Private sector participation Port operators, shipping lines, railways, airlines, airports, Customs brokers, banks, ware-houses, traders, freight forwarders…

  21. Container port operators Million TEU fromDubai, Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore, et al

  22. 9. Tariff reductions For most developing countries’ exports, international transport costs are 2 to 3 times higher than Customs tariffs on imports in the destinationcountries. Source: Miccio/ Perez 2002

  23. 10. WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA)

  24. 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA

  25. Trade Facilitation and Development • 10 global trends in Trade and Logistics • TF measures • TF and development • TF implementation

  26. 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA

  27. 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA Advance rulings

  28. 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA Authorized Operators

  29. 3. Security concerns 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA Risk management

  30. 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA Internet publication

  31. 5. Regional integration 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA Freedom of transit. “Transit” also included in several other Articles

  32. 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA Separate release from clearance

  33. 7. Technologies 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA Pre-arrival Processing, Electronic Payments, …

  34. 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Private sector participation 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA National TF Committee

  35. 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA Transport costs and trade facilitation more important than tariffs !

  36. 1. Manufactured goods 2. Globalized production 3. Security concerns 4. Trade geography 5. Regional integration 6. Logistics 7. Technologies 8. Privatizations 9. Tariff reductions 10. WTO TFA … a response to trends in international trade, transport, logistics and technologies !

  37. Trade Facilitation and Development • 10 global trends in Trade and Logistics • TF measures • TF and development • TF implementation

  38. DevelopingICTs The introduction of ICTs by Customs encourages SMEs to also connect to the internet

  39. Developing e-commerce Reforms of legal regimes that facilitate the use of electronic documents help modernize other business practices

  40. Developing Transit A framework for bank guarantees for transit trade helps improve the financial system

  41. Developing trust Increased transparency is good for good governance in general

  42. Developing Single Windows A single window experience for trade may help to introduce single windows elsewhere

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