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微生物應用工業 Ch5. 微生物催化劑

微生物應用工業 Ch5. 微生物催化劑. 阮雪芬 Oct 29, 2002 NTUT. www.ntut.edu.tw/~yukijuan/lectures/Microbio/Oct29.ppt. 酵素之一般性質. 催化特性 催化效率 ? 基質特異性 (substrate specificity) Stereo-specificity 最適氫離子濃度 最適溫度 (Optimum temperature) 共軛因子 金屬離子 輔酵素 : Holoenzyme = Apoenzyme + Coenzym

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微生物應用工業 Ch5. 微生物催化劑

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  1. 微生物應用工業Ch5. 微生物催化劑 阮雪芬 Oct 29, 2002 NTUT www.ntut.edu.tw/~yukijuan/lectures/Microbio/Oct29.ppt

  2. 酵素之一般性質 • 催化特性 • 催化效率? • 基質特異性 (substrate specificity) • Stereo-specificity • 最適氫離子濃度 • 最適溫度 (Optimum temperature) • 共軛因子 • 金屬離子 • 輔酵素: Holoenzyme = Apoenzyme + Coenzym • 輔基質 (Cosubstrate): NAD+, NADP+, ATP, CoA 多為維生素

  3. 酵素之一般性質 • 多量體酵素 • Monomeric enzyme • Oligomeric enzyme • Multienzyme complex • 阻礙劑 (Inhibitor) • 競爭性阻礙 (Competitive inhibition) • 非競爭性阻礙 (Noncompetitive inhibition • 賦活劑之作用 (Activator) • 酵素前驅體: 活性酵素名後加-ogen • 安定性 (Stability)

  4. 酵素之物理化學性質 • 酵素活性化能 • Arrhenius equation: E= 2.303R log (Kr2/Kr1)/(1/T1-1/T2) • 酵素反應動力學 • 單純酵素反應 E + S E – S E + P dc/dt = k +2 (e-c)S-k-1C-k+2C K+1 K-1

  5. 酵素之物理化學性質-酵素反應動力學 • 單純酵素反應 • Lineweaver-Burk 1/v = Km/V·1/S + 1/V • 複雜酵素反應

  6. 常用酵素之性質與用途-加水分解酵素 • 配糖體加水分解酵素(glycoside hydrase),又稱為碳水化合物分解酵素(Carbohydrase) • 蛋白質分解酵素(Protease)又稱peptide hydrase • Endo-peptidase • Exo-peptidase • 酯分解酵素

  7. 常用酵素之性質與用途 • 蛋白質分解酵素(Protease)又稱peptide hydrase • Endo-peptidase • Trypsin • Chymotrypsin • Exo-peptidase • Carboxypeptidase • Leucine aminopeptidase

  8. 酵素與切割位置

  9. 常用酵素之性質與用途-氧化還原酵素 • 脫氫酵素與還原酵素 • 氧化酵素 • 催化酵素與過氧化酵素 • 加氧酵素

  10. 常用酵素之性質與用途-轉移酵素 • A + B -X A-X + B

  11. 常用酵素之性質與用途-分解酵素(Lyase)

  12. 常用酵素之性質與用途-異構酵素(Isomerase or Mutase) • D-葡萄糖 D-果糖

  13. 常用酵素之性質與用途-合成酵素(Ligase)

  14. 常用酵素之性質與用途-凝固酵素 • 牛奶凝固酵素 • 凝血酵素

  15. 常用酵素之性質與用途-其他酵素

  16. Protein Are Bulit From A Repertoire of 20 Amnio Acids

  17. The L and D Isomers of Amino Acids Mirror-image forms Alpha-amnio acids are chiral.

  18. Only L amino acids are Constituents of Proteins For almost all amino acids, the L isomer has S absolute configuration

  19. Ionization State as a Function of pH

  20. Structures of Gly and Ala

  21. Amino Acids with Aliphatic Side Chains

  22. Clyclic Structure of Proline

  23. Amino Acids with Aromatic Side Chains

  24. Absorption of Spectra of Aromatic Amino Acids Tryptophan and Tyrosine

  25. Amino Acids Containing Aliphatic Hydroxyl Groups

  26. Structure of Cysteine Disulfide bond

  27. Basic Amino Acids

  28. Positively Charged at Neutral pH

  29. Histidine Ionization Histidine can bind or release protons near physiological pH Histidine is often found in the active sites of enzymes, where the imidazole ring can bind and release protons in the course enzymatic reactions

  30. Amino Acids with Side-chain Carboxylates and Carboxamides • Asp and Glu are negatively charged at physiological pH

  31. Seven of 20 Amino Acids have Readily Ionizable Side Chains • These 7 amino acids are able to donate or accept protons to facilitate reactions as well as to form ionic bonds

  32. Abbreviations for Amino Acids

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