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Coding of parental occupations

Coding of parental occupations. ICCS Marker Training Hamburg, July 2007. Open-ended questions in StBQ. Response codes using ISCO classification. Framework recommended by International Labour Organisation (ILO) Currently being updated to ISCO-08 ICCS will have to use ISCO-88

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Coding of parental occupations

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  1. Coding of parental occupations ICCS Marker Training Hamburg, July 2007

  2. Open-ended questions in StBQ

  3. Response codes using ISCO classification • Framework recommended by International Labour Organisation (ILO) • Currently being updated to ISCO-08 • ICCS will have to use ISCO-88 • Scores will be recoded into SEI scores (International Socio-economic Index) • Some modifications of ISCO-88 classification!

  4. Coding tools • ISCO manual (ISCO-88) published by ILO in 1990 • http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/publ/index.htm • Also available in French or Spanish (http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco88/major.htm ) • Countries could also use available national occupational classifications • Codes need to be converted into ISCO-88 afterwards

  5. Valid reasons for using national classifications • No translation of ISCO manual into country’s language available • Centre has coders who are familiar and experienced with national classification • Using national classification makes data more useful for national analysis

  6. ISCO-88 classification • Structure • Major groups (first digit) • Sub-major groups (second digit) • Minor groups (third digit) • Unit groups (fourth digit) • Mapping to occupational status • International Socio-economic Index (SEI) • Recoding of unit groups to SEI scores

  7. Modifications of ISCO-88 - 1 • General Managers’ classified as ‘[Small Enterprise] General Managers’ and ‘Department Managers’ as ‘[Large Enterprise] Department Managers’ • Several categories of armed forces personnel (including similar civilian occupations) • Distinction between ‘academic teachers’ (2321) and ‘vocational teachers’ (2322)

  8. Modifications of ISCO-88 - 2 • ‘Traditional Chiefs and Heads of Village’ (1130) was modified to cover all local (as opposed to national) officials. • Distinguished ‘Oilers and Greasers’ from other mechanics and fitters • Other codes for very broad categories:(1240) ‘Office managers’, (7510) ‘Non-farm manual foremen and supervisors’, (7520) ‘Skilled workers/artisans’, (7530) ‘Apprentices’, (8400) ‘Semi-skilled workers’

  9. Modifications of ISCO-88 - 3 • Additional codes: • 9501 for home duties • 9502 for student • 9503 for social beneficiary (e.g. unemployed, retired, etc.) • 9504 for “I don’t know” and similar responses • 9505 for vague responses

  10. General coding instructions • Only ISCO-88 codes should be submitted • Questionnaire responses to be entered into EXCEL spreadsheet (template provided) • Read-only backup copies should be made • WARNING: Incorrect sorting in EXCEL can be dangerous!!!

  11. Coding procedures • Enter data into EXCEL spreadsheet (with ID and indicator of father and mother) • Sort occupations by job title • Coding in sorted spreadsheet is more efficient and reliable than direct coding of hard-copies • Make sure that ALL relevant columns are sorted (mark columns first!)

  12. Rules for coding - 1 • Coders should not interpret according to own interpretations but follow instructions • Coders should only use information provided by the two open-ended responses

  13. Rules for coding - 2 • Begin by looking at job title (B04a/B06a) • if job title is sufficient for coding select appropriate ISCO code • if job title is not sufficient, use job description to find appropriate code • If more than one job title is provided, select first job for coding unless job description indicates otherwise

  14. Rules for coding - 3 • Every pair of responses should be coded to the most detailed level possible (4 digits) • If not possible, closest aggregated level should be selected (e.g. “teacher”) • Aggregated codes should be revised by supervisor of coding procedures • National centres should always apply the rules described in ISCO Manual (ILO, 1990) • “Approaches to some specific issues” • “Notes to some particular occupations”

  15. National coding instructions - 1 • National coding index should be supplemented with • National ICCS Coding Instructions • When using national classifications instead of ISCO-88 • add specific coding instructions for modified occupational categories • add any other necessary coding instructions for ICCS coding

  16. National coding instructions - 2 • Try to obtain national coding instructions from • relevant office for statistics in your country • (or) International Labour Organisation (ILO) • If no external version can be obtained, instructions will have to elaborated based on ICCS guidelines • Field trial data should then be used as a basis for coding index for the main study

  17. Coder training and queries • Training material • National ICCS coding instructions • Should be obtained from relevant statistical body in country and adapted for ICCS purposes • In case of coding problems • First try to resolve at national centre between coder and supervisor • If it cannot be resolved try to use other national expert advice • As a last resort, contact ISC (iccs@acer.edu.au)

  18. National expertise • Try to engage expert in national labour statistics • This person should not be directly involved in coding but give advice to supervisor in especially difficult cases • The ISC will try to help but national experts will have greater knowledge regarding country-specific coding problems

  19. Coders and coding - 1 • ISCO coders should be: • Literate and reasonably intelligent, but not over-eager to display independence of judgment as this may lead them to find the task demeaning or frustrating. • Clerically accurate and careful. • Willing and able to follow detailed instructions conscientiously, without attempting to alter or improve upon them, and prepared to raise queries in cases of genuine doubt. • Honest and trustworthy and thus not likely to falsify or omit procedures in order to reduce the amount of work to be done per case, or for other reasons. • Persistent and willing to work steadily for long periods. • Able to work reasonably rapidly and to maintain a steady level of productivity

  20. Coders and coding - 2 • Screening test may used during recruitment to check some of the criteria recommended by the ILO • It is recommended to have two coders with one supervisor • Ensure support from specialist with experience in this area (if available) • Training should mainly consist of practical instruction under close supervision

  21. Double-coding • Higher quality of coding may be achieved by using double-coding • use of two separate spreadsheets • comparison can provide data on reliability and differences may be reconciled • When training coders national centres may want to use double-coding of sub-set of responses

  22. Submission of occupational data • Ensure that all students have valid ISCO-88 codes • Check that no sorting errors have occurred • compare with backup copy!!! • EXCEL spreadsheet with occupational codes should be submitted to IEA DPC together with data files

  23. Questions or comments?

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