E N D
1. Enron???????Jeff Skilling???24? 2006?10?23?
BBC Chinese.com
2. ????????Jeff Skilling??19??,23????????????24?4????,??????????????Jeff Skilling???????????
??????????(WorldCom)??????(Bernard Ebbers),???????????????25????
3. ?ENRON???????????? 2006/10/23????????????(Sim Lake)????????Enron????Jeff Skilling (??52?)????????24??4?????,???Enron?????4,500??????,?ENRON?????????????
?30?45??????,????Skilling????????,????????????
4. Enron???????????????????,????????????????21000?????,???????310????
5. Enron????????? 5/25 Jeff Skilling????Enron??????Kenneth Lay?2006?5??????
J. Skilling????28???,???19??????
??,J. Skilling???????????20??30?????
Kenneth Lay????6???????,?????7??????????
6. 2006/5/25 Enron?????- Kenneth Lay ???????????????
7. ???Kenneth Lay ????????????
??????????????
??????,???????????????????????,?????, ????????????
?????????(?????,?????????????)???????????????
????????????,????,????,???????
8. ?????? ????????,?80???90??????????????Harken Energy Corporation????????????????????????(???????????????)??Patrick Wood???????
Wood?????????????????????,??????????
???????,??????????
????????????????????,????????,?????????
9. ???Kenneth Lay
10. CEO-Jeffrey Skilling 1990???Enron
2001?2???CEO
2001?8???
????????????????????????????????
11. ???Andrew Fastow ???????????????,??????????????????????????
CFO??:Fastow 1999???????????
???????,??????Skilling ,2006/9/26???????
13. ?????????????? 2001?12????????Enron????????????????(scandal),???????
?????????????????
14. ????
15. Enron?? ???????????,?????????????
??:???????
????:????40????,????????????,?3500?????
??:??????2????
2000?,????655???,?????1,000???,??????????
16. Enron??? ???????????(????????)?????(?????????????????)??????????,???????????????,???????????????
??????(Wholesales Services)
????(Energy Services)
??????(Broadband Services)
????(Transportation Services)
??
17. Enron??? 1996????6??Fortune????????????????
2000?,???????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????
18. Enron??? 1983?,??????????(Houston Natural Gas)
1984?,??(Kenneth Lay) ??????CEO,???????(Inter North)????,????Enron Corp,??37500??????????
19. 1987/1??????????????????????
1987/4??????????????????????,??????,?????,????,????????????????????????,?????????????,??????,?????????
1987/10???????,??$10??????Muckleroy??,????,????10??????1.4?,???????,??,????????????????,??????????,????,????????,????????
20. ???? ?????80??????????????
1989?,???(Jeffrey Skilling) (??????????) ??????,????????(Gas Bank)???
???“???????”????????,??????????????,???????????????
21. ??mark-to-market????? 1991/6/11????????(SEC)??? mark-to-market?????,???????????????????? ?????????,????????????????????????????????????,????????(????????,???????,?Enron??????)
1992/1/30??????????mark to market?????
22. ???????? ????????????????????????????“??”??
????????????????????????,???????“???”?
???????????????????????????????,?????????????????
23. ???????? 1991?????????????
1992?,????????????????,??????????????????
1992?,Enron???????????????????????“????????”??“????????”????,Enron????????????????
24. ??-??(Dabhol)???? 1992,?????????,??????28???
1999,?????????,??????
2000,??????,???????,?????,???????????????,??????
2001?,??????????????????,????????????
25. ??????????????? 1999/5/24?????????????(Belden) overbook??????,?????,???????700????
?????????(deregulation),??????????
????????????????,????????????
2001/1?????????????????$2.54??
26. ?????????? 2000/5/5 Enron????????????????,???????????????,? Death Star & Get Shorty?????
2000/5/12?????????????,???????,???????????(??50%)
2000/5/22??????????????(CA ISO)??????,???????????
2000/6/12????????????,????,?????????,????????,??????
27. ??-?????(Azurix)????? 1998?,?????????(Wessex)?????
????,????1999?6??????,???????????????
???????????,??????
2001,?????????????
28. ?????? 1999?11?Enron online????
?????????,????????????????????????????????,???????15???????
?????????????????????????
29. ????SPE?????? 1999/6/28??????????????????(?????),????????????LJM1????,????????????LJM1?????????????(??),??????????????
1999/9/16??????????????,?????????????LJM2????????????,?????????LJM2??????????????LJM???????,????LJM?
1999/10/13??????LJM2????
30. ?????? 2000/1/19 J. Skilling?????????????????(EES)?????
2000/1/20 ???????????? ,????????????????????,?????????,??,??????26%,????????67.25??
??10???,???18,000??????,??????????????
2000/7??????????????????,??????(video-on-demand)
2001??2?????????1.09???
31. ???? 1999??2001?7???,????????,????????1,730??,??11????(???????????,???????)
2000/8/23????????????,??90??,????$700?;???????????????????????
2000/12/13???????????Skilling?????,??????????
32. ???? 2001/2/5-14 ????????????????????????????mark-to-market?????,????????(intelligent gambling)
2001/2/14 Fortune??McLean(The Smartest Gay in the room???)??????? Skilling: [Enron ?????]
Skilling ?: [??????(Accountant)]
33. ??????????? 2001/2/15??????????????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????
2001/2/19?????????????????????????????
2001/3??????(Bass,CPA)?????
2001/4/17??????????????,????????????
34. ???????? 2001/5/17??????????????
2001/6???????????????deregulation,???????????????,?????????
2001/7/13???????????,????
2001/8/13?????????????????,???personal reason(??????)
35. ???? 2001/8/14 Lay????????
2001??????,Enron????,10?16????????,?????6.18???,??????????
2001/10/22????????????????????????
2001/10/23??????????(Arthur Anderson)???????????????????,?????, Lay?? Fastow
2001/10/24 Lay? Fastow??
36. Enron???? ? 2001/11/8???????????????,??????
1997~2000???????5.91???
2001???????????12???
1997~2000???????????5.61??7.11??????
? ??????????????????????,???????400??????130???????????????(????)
38. Dynegy?????? 2001/11/9????80????????Enron
11/27 S&P ???Enron?????????????, Enron??????85%,?0.61??,Enron???????????????39???
11/28 ??????????
11/29 Dynegy??????Enron???
11/29 ???????Enron????????
39. 12?2??????? 2001?12?2????????,????????11?(Chapter 11)???,?????????
???????,??????????11????,????????????????????????,???????,????????????
40. 2001/12/4??????????????
2001/12/12????????????????????????,???Enron??????????????????,??????Enron?????????????
Enron????
41. ??????
42. ????????? ????????
1997????Enron????
???????????,????????,??????
?????????????,????2001????????5?2????,?????(2?7??)????????,???????????????
?????????????????????????????????
43. ?????? 2002/1/15??????????????
2002/1/23??????????????
2002/1/25 Vice Chairman / Cliff Baxter??????
2002/8/31????????????????????,85,000??????,$90????????
44. ????? 2006/2/22 ????Melinda Harmon???????JP???????????????66?????????????????
??:???JP????????????Enron??????????????????470???
46. Enron??????????? * ????????????????.
* ????????(???????????)
* ????
* ???????????????????
* ???????.
* ?????????
* ??????(pipeline-capacity)??
* ??????
* ??(weathef)?????
* ????????(internet bandwidth-capacity)?????
* ??????????????
* ???????
* ???????????????????????????????
47. Enron??????SPE?? ????????????SPE (Special Purpose Entity)(??????)
????????????????
?????
?????????????
48. ???? A??????????SPE
?SPE?3%??????
??:A?????????????????SPE????????B??
49. Enron?????SPE?? ????????
??????
??????
????????,???????????????,??????,????????????
50. Enron??????SPE?? Enron????1997??2001??2????????,?????SPE?????????
Enron???3????????????????,????????(LP)?SPE?
(1) Chewco Investment
(2) Joint Energy Development Investments
(3) LJM Caymen
51. ????? ???
??88?,????????89.5????100.5?,??????12%?
86????????????17,000???,???????
??????????????????????
52. ????? ???
???????:????,????,??????????
?????????????10?????????,??????????????
??????????????????,????????????
??????:?????,????????????????????,???????????
53. ??? ??????????????????DVD LAB INC.?DYNAMIC?LANDWORLD????????,????????????????,?????????????
?????????????,?????????,???????????????????????,?????????,??????????
54. ??? ?????????????,???????????,??????????????,?????????,????????,????????,????,?????????,??????????,???????
55. ??? ??????????????????????,???????????????? (ECB)????????? (GDR),???????????,????????????????????????
??????????,??????????,??????????????
56. ??? ????????????????????,????????????,?????????141???????,????????,?????????????,??????????,???????????70????
57. Enron???????? ????:????????;?????????????,??????;?????
????:?????????????,????????????,?????????????
????:??????????,?????????,??????????
???????:??????
58. Enron?????????? ?????:???????,?????????,??????????
??????:????????,??????
?????????:???????????,?????????????,?????
59. ??????? ?????????????????(Arthur Andersen LLP) ??????????,????????
??????????????????,?????????????,?????????,???MBA????????????
?????????????????,?????????????