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PROTEIN. Animal Protein. Plant Protein. Peptides. Typical Structure Central C COOH: Carboxyl G roup NH2: Amine Group H Radical Group: 20 different R groups. General Peptide Structure. MWSU. Bio.com. Essential Amino Acids(9). Cannot produce
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PROTEIN Animal Protein Plant Protein
Peptides • Typical Structure • Central C • COOH: Carboxyl Group • NH2: Amine Group • H • Radical Group: 20 different R groups
General Peptide Structure • MWSU. Bio.com
Essential Amino Acids(9) • Cannot produce • Must be derived from exogenous sources • Histidine • Isoleucine • Leucine • Lysine • Methionine • Phenylalanine • Threonine • Typtophan • Valine
Complete Protein • Contains all of the essential amino acids • Animal products • Fermented soy • Quinoa • Amaranth • Buckwheat • Hempseed
Nonessential Amino Acids(11) • Can produce endogenously • Alanine • Arginine • Asparagine • Aspartic Acid • Cysteine • Glutamic Acid • Glutamine • Glycine • Proline • Serine • Tyrosine
Biological Value • Scale from 0-100 • Based upon completeness and digestibility of protein • Highest biological value: • EGGS • WHEY • SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE
Whey Protein • Liquid by-product of cheese production
Soy Protein Isolate • Hulled, defatted soybean flour • Used for texture, meat filler, water retention
Complementary Proteins • Combine plant sources to create complete protein • Biology.clc.uc.edu
Polypeptide Function • Nitrogen balance • Fluid balance • Enzymes • pH balance • Blood Clotting • Hormones • Antibodies • Protein Synthesis • Gluconeogenesis
Nitrogen Balance • + nitrogen balance: utilizing injested protein • - nitrogen balance: losing protein to urea
Fluid Balance • Water attracted to proteins • Cell will engage in protein synthesis to attract water • Osmotic pressure: plasma proteins
Enzymes • Coenzymes: proteins + vitamins • Cofactors: proteins + minerals • Acts as catalysts • Can be denatured
pH Balance • Acids have a lot of H+ ions • Proteins are negatively charged • They attract H+ and reduce acidosis
Blood Clotting • Fibrin
Hormones • Growth Hormone • Thyroxin • Insulin • Antidiuretic Hormone
Immunoglobulins • Adaptive immunity plasma proteins • Responsible for fighting antigens
Protein Synthesis • Emc.maricopa.edu
Gluconeogenesis • Creation of glucose from non-carb sources • YAY Liver!!
Protein Energy Malnutrition PEM • Marasmus • Kwashiokor
Marasmus Features • Infancy • Deprivation or malabsorption • Slowly developing • Severe weight loss and muscle wasting • Anxiety, apathy • Thinning hair and skin • Loss of pigment
Features • Older infants and children • Acute onset • Some weight loss and muscle wasting • Edema • Enlarged fatty liver • Apathy, depression, irritable • Loss of appetite • Skin lesions • Hair loss
Protein Requirements • .8 grams/kg of body weight • Pounds/2.2= kilograms