Eng. Luis Enrique Conde del Oso. luis.conde@etecsa.cu

1. “ITU-T Standardization and other key ITU Activities” Havana, Cuba 8 - 9 February 2011. “Decrease the impact of the development of the TIC in the Climatic Change.” Eng. Luis Enrique Conde del Oso. luis.conde@etecsa.cu

2. Introduction. • The increment of the services of Telecommunications implies new energy requirements, that which the impact increases on the climate change. • In this work it is shown the strategic studies of novel energy technologies that are sought to introduce in ETECSA in near future to decrease this environmental impact with an increment of the services and an important economic saving. • In carried out studies it is observed that of the total electric consumption of a telecommunications center, 50% is consumed by the system of cooling of air, for what to find methods that can diminish this consumption without affecting the technical characteristics of the technological equipment, will bear to an important economic contribution.

3. Electric Energy consumption in Telecommunications Centers. Assisted places 25° C. No assisted places 24° C. Source: VPDT. ETECSA

4. As example this consumption is observed that in the year 2010, 1140 GWh wasted away in the equipment of the National Backbone, in Telecom Italy, of which 570 GWh was devoted to the cooling of the air, and in illumination systems of rooms . Source: Telecom Italia • Different actions to decrease the energy consumption in Telecommunications Centers. • Increase the temperature of the technological rooms, according to the acceptable technical thresholds for the correct operation of the equipment of telecommunications. • - To use alternative technologies for the cooling of the air of the room, decreasing the times of use of the air conditioning equipments • - To use systems of illumination that have a high efficiency, decreasing the electric consumption for this activity. • - To avoid the employment of multiple energy transformations, CD-AC and employment of alternative energy systems.

5. Increase the temperature of the technological rooms. The interval of ambient temperature in the one that, according to the standard ETSI IN 300 019-1-3, it can operate the equipments they are represented in the diagram, Figures 1. In the diagram three areas are shown, green, rose and blue that represents the values of temperature and humidity to which the equipments should be able to operate. Source: Telecom Italia

6. Free Cooling System. Source: Telecom Italia When an air conditioning system is to the service of the technological systems or industrial processes that operate during the whole year, and therefore also with low external temperatures, it is energetically very comfortable of using the systems designed to take advantage of these conditions: typical solution is a device of Free Cooling. In general the Free Cooling (natural refrigeration) it is a cooling system that uses the only difference of temperature with the external atmosphere: the external air is used to low temperature like source of cooling energy in alternative or like complement of the traditional one. They are systems that simply force the flow of external air so that it enters in contact with the parts that it is necessary to cool without the necessity of the traditional systems of air conditioning.

7. Free Direct Cooling and Free Indirect Cooling. Free Direct Cooling in the case of use of external air to cool the atmosphere to sufficiently low temperatures to guarantee the room conditions that are wanted: when growing of the internal temperature the superior limit of the temperatures useful exterior of the free cooling increases. Free Indirect Cooling uses the external air to cool or pre cooling completely the refrigerated water of the hydraulic system before this its enters in the evaporator, to make a partial or total cooling. Commutation 31 -34° C. Data 28° C. Source: Telecom Italia Source: Telecom Italia

8. Modality of the DirectFree Cooling. Source: Telecom Italia • Free Cooling with circulation of the internal air. • If the external temperature is inferior to the 10-12° C it is not possible to use the cold air of the exterior directly. For what the partial recirculation of the air of the room is used mixed with the external air. • Free Cooling Total. • It is when the temperature of the external air is of for if alone able to give the refrigerating capacity required to obtain the maximum temperature that requires the equipment of telecommunications at least. • Free Cooling Parcial. • when the temperature of the external air is at least 2°C a mixture of the internal air can be used with the external air with the objective of obtaining a temperature that doesn't overcome a threshold given by the norm. ETSI IN 300 019-1-3.

9. Adiabatic Free Cooling. By means of the spray of water the exchange of heat takes place this way with the external air and its humidity is increased and at the same time decrease of its temperature. The adiabatic humidification brings the advantage of decrease the quantity of air exchanged for oneself value of ∆T. Source: Telecom Italia

10. Punctual refrigeration with tubes Vortex.(-46 °C - 127 °C ). • Used in rooms of data like emergency refrigeration or like refrigeration located in racks for the administration of hot points. Requirement of availability of compressed air. The cost of the tube Vortex is of around 250€ Compressed air Valve of Control Cold air Hot air Camera of vortex formation Source: EXAIR • Characteristic. - Without waste, absence of parts in movement - Slight and compact, it doesn't require maintenance. - Resistant to the oil, to the water and the humidity. - It requires readiness of compressed air. - It requires silencer. - Control of the cold air by means of the valve. Source: Telecom Italia

11. LED Technology The LED (acronym of Light Emitting Diode) it is the device that exploits the optic ownerships of some material semiconductors to produce light. The LEDs in these years have spread in all the applications in which it serves: - raised reliability - long duration - raised efficiency - low consumption Source: Telecom Italia

12. Energetic saving: • To parity of illumination, with the technology LED has been had an energetic saving since 50 to 80%. • Quality of the light: • The light sent forth by the lamps to the sodium and yellow, not correspondent to the peak of the sensibility dell human eye: the colors are not faithfully reproduced and therefore necessary more light to guarantee a sure vision. • The LEDs send forth cold white light, that allows to reach a sure illumination for the consumers of the road instead, (it lowers the times of reaction to the unforeseen event), with smaller energy consumption. Source: Telecom Italia

13. Conclusions The optimization of the use of the air conditioning systems in the TIC, agreement to the norm ETSI IN 300 019-1-3, will have a strong repercussion in the energy saving at world level and therefore its effect about the climatic change. The realization of experimental tests and the valuation of the climatic data in each place are the base of the success of the application of the Free Cooling system. The introduction of other energy alternatives as the photovoltaic is also of great interest for the radio bases of the mobile service.

14. Thank you for your attention