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Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in Japan: Lessons and Best Practices

Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in Japan: Lessons and Best Practices. Masuo Aizawa Counselor to the President, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Former Executive Member, Council for S&T Policy, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

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Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in Japan: Lessons and Best Practices

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  1. Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in Japan: Lessons and Best Practices MasuoAizawa Counselor to the President, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Former Executive Member, Council for S&T Policy, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan Casa Asia, Madrid and Valencia, Spain, Dec. 3,4, 2013

  2. Contents Japan as Attracting the World What Japan Prioritizes inS&T and Innovation Policy Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Research Drive Comprehensive S&T and Innovation Strategy

  3. Fujisan, UNESCO World Heritage 2013 Beauty of Nature

  4. TOKYO SKYTREE Japan Industrial Technology Grand Prize 2013 Function & Beauty of Technology

  5. Japan as Attracting the World Global Excellence Science Technology Japanese Culture

  6. Transformation in Growth and Innovation GII(Global Innovation Index), GDP(Growth Domestic Product), (Data: INSEAD, 2012) Historical Shift to the East Rising Asia as Growth Center Innovation New Power USA: GII=10, GDP=1 Switzerland: GII=1, DP=19 Japan: GII=25, GDP=3 Canada: GII=12, GDP=11 Sweden: GII=2, GDP=21 China: GII=34, GDP=2 UK: GII=5, GDP=7 Singapore: GII=3, GDP=40 Germany: GII=15, GDP=4 India: GII=62, GDP=10 Finland: GII=4, GDP=36 Italy: GII=36, GDP=8 Korea: GII=21, GDP=15 Netherland: GII=6, GDP=17 Franc: GII=24, GDP=5 Denmark: GII=7, GDP=30 Ireland: GII=9, GDP=45 Russia: GII=56, GDP=9 Norway: GII=14, GDP=24 Israel: GII=17, GDP=39 Brazil: GII=47, GDP=6 Japan’s Initiatives in Global Innovation

  7. Transformation in S&T Globally Competitive and Collaborative Data from NISTEP (2013) USA: 26.3%, #1 World Share of Articles (%) World Rank in Articles in Top1% (#) Germany: 7.5%, # 4 Canada:4.4%, #6 UK: 7.4%, # 2 Rising Asia in S&T France: 5.5%, # 5 China:12.0%, # 3 Italy: 4.5%, # 8 Japan: 6.6%, # 7 Korea: 3.0%, # 13 Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Research through International Knowledge Network

  8. Pursuing Global Excellence Quantity Scale & Volume Quality Excellence Global Harmonization Catching up the Frontier “Japan as Number One” Shaping the Future Japan as Attracting the World

  9. Contents Japan as Attracting the World What Japan Prioritizes inS&T and Innovation Policy Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Research Drive Comprehensive S&T and Innovation Strategy

  10. Japan’s System for S&T S&T Policy Making Council for S&T Policy (CSTP) Cabinet Office Society S&T Policy Making in Ministry (MEXT, METI, ・・・) Funding Agency (JSPS, JST, NEDO,・・・) Universities Research Institutions

  11. Innovation Comprehensive STI Strategy Shaping the Future Sustainable Prosperous Human Resources S&T Basic Research Nurture Individuals with Creativity and Global Perspective Attract the World by Global Excellence The 4th S&T Basic Plan (2011-2015)

  12. Japan’s Investment in S&T Investment Target in the 4th S&T Basic Plan 1) Public: 1% GDP (25 Trillion Yen for 5 years) 2) Public + Private: 4% GDP FY2012 S&T Budget Public in total: 51,268 Billion Yen (Supplemental Budget:994.9 Billion Yen and Local Government Budget: 440.4 Billion Yen)

  13. Quantum-Leap and Disruptive ! Quantum-Leap Knowledge Disruptive Innovation Knowledge Creation Incremental innovation Value Creation “I have a great respect for incremental improvement, and I have done that of thing in my life, but I’ve been always attracted to the more revolutionary changes.“ Steve Jobs

  14. Government Funding for STI Global Excellence Innovation CSTP: FIRST Ministry Programs for STI(MEXT, METI, MHLW, MLIT, MOE, MIC, MOFA) Funding Agency Programs (JSPS, JST, NEDO, NIBIO) New Programs: COI, ACCEL JSPS: WPI JST : Strategic Basic Research ( ERATO,CREST, PREST) JSPS :Basic Research (Science Grant-in-Aide) Large-scale Research Infrastructure

  15. Contents Japan as Attracting the World What Japan Prioritizes inS&T and Innovation Policy Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Research Drive Comprehensive S&T and Innovation Strategy

  16. Why Global Excellence? • Increasing Nobel Laureates from Japan • Increasingly Globally Recognized Awardees • Increasingly Most-cited Articles • But, Declining Presence of Japan in Science Indicators Nobel Laureates in Natural Science Prof. Yamanaka S&T Basic Plan Year

  17. Pursuing Global Excellence (I) FIRST (Funding Program for World-leading Innovative R&D on S&T) CSTP, MEXT/JSPS World-leading 30 Core-Researchers Granted by Yen 100 Billion for 5 years (2009-2013) From Basic to Applied Research in Diversified Areas Selected from 565 Applicants System Reform of Funding and Infrastructure Successful in Creating Global Excellence Disruptive Innovation with Vast Expectation

  18. 30 Core Researchers of FIRST (1) Prof. Shinya Yamanaka (Kyoto University) 2012 Awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology & Medicine Shared with Prof. John Gurdon They discovered that a mature, adult cell, can be turned back to an infant, versatile state called stem cell. Disruptive Innovation Expected in Regenerative Medicine & Drug Discovery Global Excellence iPS cell (2006, 2007) Quantum-leap Knowledge Creation ES cell (1981)

  19. 30 Core Researchers of FIRST (2) Prof. Hideo Hosono Tokyo Institute of Technology Exploration of New Superconductors and Related Functional Materials and Application of Superconducting Wires for Industry Quantum-Leap Knowledge Creation 1) ERATO/JST: Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)-Thin Film Transistor (TFT) 2) JST: Iron-based high temperature super conductors (2008) 3) FIRST: New Superconducting materials New ammonium catalyst The Most-Cited Paper of 2008

  20. Pursuing Global Excellence (II) WPI (World Premier International Research Center Initiative) MEXT/JSPS Open Research Platform Attract the World Brains Create New Science by Fusion University Systems Reform Successful in Creating World-Class Research Center Global Excellence

  21. 9 WPI’s as World-Class Research Center • Tohoku University • AIMR: Advanced Institute for Materials Research • Discovering innovative substances and creating related devices/systems using atomic/molecular control methods Kyoto University iCeMS: Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences -Integrating cell and material sciences to create new cross-disciplinary-fields, thereby advancing stem cell technologies and mesoscopicsciences • Osaka University • IFReC: Immunology Frontier Research Center • Elucidating the dynamic immune system using Bioimagingtechnology The most cited immunologist in the world over five consecutive years Motoko Kotani Norio Nakatsuji Shizuo Akira • National Institute for Materials Science • MANA: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics • Developing materials to advance sustainable development based on nanoarchitectonics • The University of Tokyo • IPMU: Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe • Elucidating the origin and evolution of the universe through collaboration among math, physics and astronomy • Kyushu University • I2CNER: International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research • Creating science-driven technologies for producing, storing and using hydrogen and for capturing and sequestering CO2 Masakazu Aono PetrosSofronis Hitoshi Murayama New WPI’s Univ. of Tsukuba, IIIS (International Inst. Integrated Study), M.Yanagisawa Tokyo Institute of Technology, ELSI (Earth Life Science Inst.), T. Hirose Nagoya University, ITbM (Inst. Transformative Bio-molecules), K. Itami

  22. Contents Japan as Attracting the World What Japan Prioritizes inS&T and Innovation Policy Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Research Drive Comprehensive S&T and Innovation Strategy

  23. Evolving Innovation • Becoming Globalized in Innovation-driven Growth -Innovation New Powers • Becoming More Open and Global in the Innovation Process than Ever -Globally Networked Age • Becoming Crucial for Solving Social Challenges -Issue-driven Innovation Comprehensive STI Strategy

  24. Solution Value Creation Issue-driven STI Prioritized Policy Issues I. Recovery and Revitalization from the Earthquake II. Green Innovation Addressing Energy & Environment Issues III. Life Innovation Addressing Ageing & Health Issues Diversity of Approaches Across Disciplines and Sectors Industry Academia Government

  25. Green Innovation Social Issues of Energy & Environment - Secure Clean Low-cost Energy Supply - Energy Shift from Nuclear Power - Address Climate Change and Natural Disasters - Reduce Global GHG Emission by 50% by 2050 Prioritized Policy Issues Addressed by Cross-Ministry Initiatives 1. Secure Clean Low-cost Energy Supply 2. Decentralize the Energy System 3. Innovative Energy Use 4. Greener Infrastructure

  26. Secure Clean Low-cost Energy Supply -Extensive Employment of Renewable Energy- Innovative Technology Development on Solar Power Generation Systems -Drastically improve efficiency and cost- effectiveness of existing systems (e.g., Si, CIS systems) Cost reduction target: \14/kWh by 2020 -Develop next-generation solar power generation (e.g., organic systems, quantum dot, nanowire systems) Technology Development on Other Renewable Energy Systems -Wind (Off-Shore) -Geothermal -Bioenergy Incentives for Renewable Energy Dissemination (e.g., Feed-in-Tariff (FIT))

  27. 2. Decentralize the Energy System -Innovative Conversion/Storage/Transport- -Safe and economic conversion, storage and transportation of energy in the forms of electrical energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy. -Dealing with the temporal variations and spatial gaps rising from the utilization of fluctuating and widespread sources. 1) Innovative Energy Storage -High performance Li ion batteries -Next-generation battery technologies 2) Innovative Energy Conversion and Transport -Fuel Cells -Co-generation -Energy Carrier 3) Smart Energy Management -HEMS, BEMS, CEMS -Smart City

  28. Cross-Ministry (MEXT/METI) Initiatives on Energy Carrier Utilization Technologies Establishment of Hydrogen Energy Society 1. Development of Innovative Energy Carriers -Technology development of hydrogen production using renewable energy -Basic technology development of new energy carriers including Ammonia 2. Establishment of Hydrogen Infrastructure -Technology development of hydrogen stations -Establishment of hydrogen stations 3. Development of Safety Evaluation Technologies Pertaining to Hydrogen Stations

  29. Life Innovation Social Issues of Ageing and Health - Healthy Ageing - Health Care for Preventing Diseases - International Competitiveness of Medicine - Reduction of Medical Expenditures Prioritized Policy Issues Addressed by Cross-Ministry Initiatives 1. Innovative Prevention Medicine 2. Regenerative Medicine 3. Innovative Medical Technology 4. Improved QOL in Ageing Society

  30. Cross-Ministry Initiative for Regenerative Medicine Regenerative Medicine Networking Program (MEXT) Basic Research Regenerative Medicine Highway (Cross-Ministry Program of MEXT, MHLW, METI) Regenerative Medicine Initiative (MHLW) Clinical Research Stem Cell Initiative (METI) Regulatory Science Program (MHLW) Clinical Application 2013 2014 2015

  31. Large Scale Infrastructure (MEXT/Riken) Comprehensive STI Strategy SACLA (Spring-8 Angstrom Compact Free Electron Laser) Dream Beam Comes True! X-ray Free Electron Laser with the world’s shortest wave length , 0.063 nm, allowing us to observe the instantaneous movement of atoms and molecules. Supercomputer “KEI,京” The K computer is produced by Fujitsu, currently installed at the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science in Kobe. Speed is 10 petaflops of computation. International Hub to Attract Researchers

  32. S&T Diplomacy for Green Innovation S&T Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), JST/JICA Collaboration MEXT/JST MOFA/JICA ODA Research Partnership Univ/Res Inst in Developing Countries Univ/Res Inst in Japan

  33. Japan’s Initiatives in Global Innovation (I) Decades of Accomplishment Under Univ/Ind/Gov Partnership • Perpendicular Magnetic Recording • S. Iwasaki (1975) • Blue LED • I. Akazaki (1985) • Nd(Dy) Magnet • M. Sagawa (1984) • Lithium Ion Battery • A. Yoshino (1985) • Carbon Fiber

  34. Japan’s Initiative in Global Innovation (II) Upcoming 1 IGZO Quantum-leap Knowledge Creation Disruptive Innovation! Prof. Hideo Hosono Tokyo Institute of Technology ERATO/JST: Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)-Thin Film Transistor (TFT) 2003, Crystalline, 2004, Amorphous IGZO-TFT has 20-5- times higher mobility than that of amorphous Si, which has been used for current LCD’s. IGZO-TFT and applications are patented by JST, and have been licensed to Samsung Electronics in 2011, Sharp in 2012, etc.

  35. Japan’s Initiative in Global Innovation (II) Upcoming 2 Robot Suit “HAL” Prof. Y. Sankai Tsukuba University FIRST: CSTP, One of 30 Core Researchers HAL has been designed to support and expand the physical capabilities of its users, particularly people with physical disabilities. Clinical Test of HAL for Medical Treatment starts internationally in Japan, Europe, and U.S.A. Received a global safety certificate in 2013 An European Conformity certificate in 2013

  36. Japan’s Initiative on Global Innovation (II) Upcoming 3 Cell Sheet CREST (JST) NEDO Project FIRST (CSTP) Prof TeruoOkano Tokyo Women’s Medical University Clinical Trials for Cell Sheet Transplantation: Cornea, Heart, etc Cell Sheet Maintain structure and Functions T Changes （37→20℃） Temp. Responsive Polmer Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) Hydrophilic Surfaces

  37. Japan’s Initiative in Global Innovation (II) Upcoming 4 iPSCell Quantum-leap Knowledge Creation Team Japan CREST (JST/MEXT): 2003-2008 NEDO (METI), NIBIO (MHLW) FIRST (CSTP): 2009-2013 Cross-Ministry Initiative on Regenerative Medicine & Drug Discovery Toward Disruptive Innovation with Vast Expectation Clinical Research Approved in 2013: Dr. M. Takahashi, Riken

  38. Summary • Prioritizing Japan’s STI Policy on • 1) Reinforcement of Basic Research for Pursuing Global Excellence, • 2) Issue-driven S&T and Innovation for realizing Sustainable Growth, and • 3) Human Resources Development for Nurturing Individuals with Creativity and Global Perspective • Accelerating Revitalization of Japan: Comprehensive STI Strategy Cabinet Decision, Government of Japan June 7, 2013

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