Chapter 19:South West Asia and the Indian Ocean Bulliet Book

1. Chapter 19:South West Asia and the Indian Ocean Bulliet Book

2. The Ottoman Empire • The ottoman Empire Began in 1299 1. • It all began with a man named Osman in a simple village. 1,2 • The Ottoman Empire was named after its creator Osman. 1 • It began as a tiny state in North Western Anatolia.1 • The Ottoman armies went into East Europe and conquered it.1 • In 1517 the Ottoman Empire conquered Egypt and Syria.1,2 • Also in 1529 the Ottoman laid it’s first siege on Vienna.1,3 • Though Vienna lost most of its military power it remained independent for many more years. 1,2 • The Ottomans sent Naval forces to Indonesia, but they did not act aggressive and didn’t stay consistently.1,2 • It is also the longest lived Muslim Empire. From 1299- July 24,1924 1

3. The Ottomans used slaves as soldiers and trained them to be regular grunts.1 • The slave soldiers were called.1 • They were Christian or another faith other than Muslim and they were converted into Islam.1 • The Ottomans developed and used Devshirme (a sort of draft into the military).1 • They would go to Christian villages and take the young male boys.1 • Those that were very intelligent were sent to Istanbul for further training.1 • Yet before they were given training they were sent to Turkish families.1 • At the families they were to learn all the customs and the language. 1 • Then they are shipped to the barracks.1,2,3

4. Economic Hardships • After all the military campaigns the ottoman empire would treat the Janissaries better than the Calvary.1 • There were also new advances in technology so there were new firearms and better cannons, so this led to more of a gap in the military.1 • Then to add to a list of troubles there were economic troubles to the list.1,2 • First Inflation occurred because of the new materials including gold and silver coming from the New Word.1,3 • With the increased amount of money the prices for food and other commodities went skyrocketing. 1 • Then with trade to other empires the prices go higher and these events occurred during the early 15 hundreds to the mid16 hundreds.1 • And the farmers of the Ottoman Empire moved from regular food crops to cash crops like coffee and tobacco.1 • With a deteriorating system the Austrian and Russians began to see a chance to defeat the Ottoman Empire.1 • There was a brief period in time were tulip bulbs were worth a lot and this set about more havoc to an already dying system. • Several rebellions began to take place.1

5. The demise of the Ottoman Empire • It began with the military already in a weak position.1,2,3, • Then with the already falling apart system of government.1 • Also with the rebellions occurring in the provinces.1,2,3 • There were also a lot of tension in Europe (WW1).2 • The economic situation was not as good.2 • Rouge Nobles and corrupt politicians were taking control from the central government slowly.1 • There were also the Calvary men who were fed up.2 • Then there was the different races in one place which made everything worse.2 • Then with a final swift all the parts came to play and the empire was disposed of.3

6. The Safavid Empire • The Safavid empire resembled the ottoman for many reasons.1,2 • One they both had the same religion. (Muslim)1,2 • Yet this empire was based in Iran and surrounding areas.1,2 • Many knew how to speak Turkish and Arabic.1,2 • This empire would be a big rival to the Ottoman empire. 1,2 • This empire also traded and had good political relations with Indians that were to the east.1,2 • The cities of Istanbul and Isfahan resembled greatly because of the Mosques that had the same building style.1,2,3 • There were no wheeled vehicles but the source of transportation were and somewhat still is the camel! 1,2 • Men in both empire looked on public life more and this brought around a bit of entertainment. 1,2 • The center of this empire was laterally in the center of his capital. 1,2

7. The Fall of the Safavid Empire • With more economic hardships this was not the best situation to be in.1,2 • Its private sector was not really that productive.1 • They did not have all the money to pay the army and faced mutiny if it did not comply.1,2 • Then with seeing the need of firearms and cannons they updated their army but at a big cost. 1,2 • Also the local chieftain really didn’t care as to what happened to his constituents. 1 • There were also slave corps which used firearms.1 • That is because the nomad warriors didn’t want to switch to firearms. 1,2 • Strangely the empire did not have a big navy. 1,2 • With her defenses open doom was left to take its place. 1,2 • This with no money to pay an army led to its destruction. 1

8. Comparisons of both empires • Both empires used land grants to support each other. 1,2 • Both have the same religion. (Islam)1,2 • There were also religious scholars.1,2 • Also the military was more land based and not at sea.1,2 • They would employ drafts.1,2 • Both had nomadic peoples1,2 • The chieftains also were nomadic and were very big in that time era.1,2 • Both knew a little bit of Turkish, Arabian and a little bit of Persian.1,2 • They had somewhat similar customs, but not all the time.1,2 • Both had different types of Islam.1,2,3

9. The Mughal Empire • This empire began in 1526. • The lands which this empire ruled was India, and the surrounding areas. • This was also a land ruled by Hindus. • This empire was also considerably different from the other two empires. • The name Mughal means Mongol in Persian. • Some leaders gave the soldiers some land in return for their loyalty and service. • A lot of government officials were either Muslim born soldiers or Indian born warriors from the North. • Relations between Arabs and Indians turned better when a Mughal ruler named Akbar married a Muslim princes and made reforms to help the Muslim community. • Also there were a sort of renovation or enlightenment period in India during this time period. • The Mugal Empire faced opposition from rebellious Hindu forces in the seventeen hundreds.

10. Islam in Africa • There were rulers that were in Africa and were Muslim.1 • They were not politically united.1,2 • They usual governed a small region.1,2 • The areas that they ruled were usually around water like ports.1,2 • They would export many items like woods, perfumes, and much more.1,2,3 • There were many slaves that passed the ports they were in.1,2 • Millions of slaves were taken from their homeland and sent to Europe and such other places like the New World. 1,2 • Islam also spread very fast in the north Africa region. 1,2,3, • Also many foreign empires tried to gain a foothold to gain the spices in these regions.1,2

11. The New World effects on the Empires • The New world rushed in inflation and lead to prices for common goods to rise sharply.1,2 • The slaves needed for the New World also needed ports to export them, and these ports would be those in Africa, and the Ottoman Empire ports like those in Istanbul.1,2 • New material from the New World also brought supplies to Nations and Empires who don’t have. 1,2 • The Empires though suffered too because of the New World brought a lot of new coins made from gold and silver.1 • There were also exotic animals and furs bring transferred to the Empires form the New World.1,2,3 • Wood was also a big export to the Empires in Europe. 1,2,3 • Exploration was not that funded by these Empires to the New World. 1,2,3 • Many people saw the New World as a new land to settle but the Empires as stated did not colonize it. 1,2,3 • With almost no control the empires did not have a foothold in the New World.1,2,3 • Yet all empires lost control and that ended their play in control for the New World. 1,2

12. Bibliography • 1.Bulliet. Ap World History Pages 484 -507. • 2."Ottoman Empire:History." Infoplease. 2005. 29 Oct. 2009 <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0860176.html>. • 3. Carrington Pages 248-page 253