New Horizon College English Book Ⅱ

1. New Horizon College English Book Ⅱ Unit 2 Section B:Green Spaces in Cities

2. Contents I. Reading skill II. Fast reading III. Structure of the text IV. Important Words V. Detailed study of Text VI. Exercises

3. I. Reading skill -- Finding Out Word Meanings

4. 1.How to find out word meanings? • Some sentences give the definition for a difficult word with the help of punctuation such as commas, dashes or parentheses. • Context sometimes gives examples to illustrate a difficult word rather than define it. We can use the examples to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word. • Synonyms are words or phrases that are similar in meaning. A synonym is one type of context clue that helps you to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words. • Antonyms are words or phrases that have opposite meanings to other words or phrases. Antonym clues can help you understand new words.

5. Sentences before or after a sentence that has a difficult word sometimes explain the meaning of the word. • Sometimes we can use our own experiences, or our knowledge about a certain topic, to find out the meaning of an unfamiliar word. • Word part clues. We can often figure out an unfamiliar word because we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root word, or the two words that make up a compound word.

6. 2.PracticeFind out the meanings of the underlined words and expressions in these sentences from section B. • 1. Children in the cities had few options, fewer choices of places to play. A. something to choose B. something to offer C. something to give D. something to read • 2. Psychologists have been studying the changes people experience when they leave rural areas and move into urban environments. A. forest B. surrounding city C. countryside D. city

7. 3. Without grass and trees and bushes and, yes, dirt and mud to get dirty in, children miss an important part of childhood. A. something very easy to do B. wet earth C. money paid for a child D. a quality of being loveable • 4. They want to build more parks, but land in citied is quite costly. So they look for land that no one else wants. A. expensive B. cheap C. excellent D. poor

8. 5. In flagstaff, Arizona, a thousand miles of bike trails lead into the san Francisco peaks, the highest summit in the state. A. summer residence B. military post C. mountain top D. lakeside beach Back

9. II. Fast reading 1. Children in the cities had more places to play in. F 2. People living in the urban areas usually don’t have the feeling of private space and ownership. T 3. Like those living in rural areas, children living in urban environments miss an important part of childhood. F

10. 4. Planting lots of things like bulbs in window boxes and large containers provides the same ecological effects as does amateur gardening. F 5. City planners build green areas in many unused spaces. T 6. Trust for public land is an organization which has completed as many conservation projects as possible in many parts of the world. F

11. 7.The environmental university that Mister Charles Jordan, the director of the Portland Parks and Recreation Department, plant to build, is a university where students are learning to protect land and public resources. F 8.The civilians need to spend much more money on living in the cities with a growing greenness and a healthier environment. F Back

12. III. Structure of the text Part 1(para.1):There are less and less private space in cities, and the places for people to play in become rarer. Part2 (paras.3-4):Psychologists find that green spaces do good to people’s health, and people become aware of the importance of it. Part3 (paras.5-9):people take measures to enlarge green spaces and improve environment. Back

13. IV. Important Words erect a) vt. 竖直，直立，建立 e.g. erect oneself 挺直身子 Tom erected himself and answered the question 汤姆挺直身回答问题。 erect a bridge/ monument/ trade relationship 派生: erection---n. b) adj.挺直的，竖直的 e.g. stand erect保持笔挺 erect pine笔直的松树

14. literally literally: adv. 辨析：literal literate literary literal:文字上的，字面的 e.g. a literal translation 直译 literate:有读写能力的，有教养的 e.g. The people in my town are all literate. 我们镇上的人都是受过教育的。 literary:文学上的 e.g. literary works 文学作品

15. vacant a) 未被占用的 e.g. vacant seat/room/bed b) (职位，工作等)空缺 e.g. The top post in the company has still been vacant. 公司的最高职位仍然空缺。 c) 茫然的，空虚的 e.g. His mind seemed completely vacant. 他的脑子里似乎一片空白。

16. on top of a) 在…之上 e.g. Put this record on top of the others. 把这张唱片放在其他之上。 b) 另外，还有 e.g. He writes for the newspaper on top of his regular job. 他除了日常工作还为一家报社写稿。

17. work on work on: work at 致力于 e.g. While I was working on my letter, the telephone rang. 我写信的时候电话响了。

18. coordinate one’s efforts (to) 齐心努力 e.g. If we coordinate our efforts, we are able to solve the problem. 如果齐心协力，我们就能解决问题。

19. wash away 冲掉，洗掉 e.g. Floods have washed away my hometown this summer. 今年夏天洪水冲走了我的家乡。 e.g. I want to wash away the memory of childhood 我想洗去我童年的记忆。 Back

20. V. Detailed study of Text １.The feeling of private space and ownership no longer exists in houses literally piled one on the other. (Para. 2) Meaning: because the flats where people live arebuilt on different floors, that is, on top of one another, people don’t have the feeling of owning them personally as they used to have when living in separate houses. 真正的谓语部分是no longer exists in houses，piled是过去分词做后置定语修饰前面的名词houses． Translation:住在层层相叠的房子里面也没有那种私人空间和物主身份的感觉了.

21. ２.Why not use these unused spaces for green areas? (para.5) Why not…?省略式问句 e.g. Why not give me a call? -----Why don’t you give me a call? Why not ask him in person? -----Why don’t ask him in person? Back

22. VI. Exercises Finish the rest exercises on page 53, Book 2.

23. The End