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Advances in Optical Networking

Advances in Optical Networking. Jeff Verrant Senior Engineer Research and Education Initiatives Ciena Government Solutions, Inc. Agenda. Lightwave Technologies Core Transport OTN, G.709, the “ Digital Wrapper “ Deployable Control Plane Technologies Optical Switching GFP w/ VCAT-LCAS.

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Advances in Optical Networking

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  1. Advances in Optical Networking Jeff Verrant Senior Engineer Research and Education Initiatives Ciena Government Solutions, Inc.

  2. Agenda • Lightwave Technologies • Core Transport • OTN, G.709, the “ Digital Wrapper “ • Deployable Control Plane Technologies • Optical Switching • GFP w/ VCAT-LCAS

  3. Research University National Lab Regional Optical Network HPC Lab Network Solutions for Research & Education Remote Off-Fiber Campus Solutions University Research University National Backbone Connectivity Optical Add/Drop GbE/10GbE Storage SONET National Lab Fully Automated Turnup and Management of Optical Connections 2.5G 10G 40G Metro/Regional DWDM Intelligent Optical Switching Long Haul DWDM

  4. One Platform for all applications eFEC, Raman, multi-stage EDFAs, pre-emphasis, and spectrum flattening allow CoreStream to handle span designs from 1600 - 3200km CoreStream is approved for NDSF, NZDSF, and DSF Transceivers for 2.5G, 10G, 40G available today 50GHz (for ~3000km) & 25GHz (up to ~2000km) channel spacings Cost is reduced by installing special technologies only where needed 25GHz systems can be used to provide high capacities as 40G technologies become more cost effective CoreStream: Flexible Transport Platform for the Future 8 Channels 10 Gbps 25 GHz spacing 28 Channels 40 Gbps 100 GHz spacing • Data rates/channel spacing mixed at the sub-band level • Mixed rate deployment likely • Optimize Capacity x Distance for each sub-band separately >3000 km, 80x10Gb/s NRZ @ 50 GHz 2000 km, 160x10Gb/s NRZ @ 25 GHz OADM Nodes Up to 1600 km, 40x40Gb/s CS-RZ @ 100 GHz or 160x10Gb/s NRZ @ 25 GHz Channel Counts are C-Band only. Numbers assume NDSF and 8 dB FEC

  5. Demonstrated System Capabilitywith Raman • Capacity is for C-band propagation only • Pure 10G capacity is 1.92 Tbps • Distances are ~ 1200 km without Raman

  6. 40G Configurations OC-768 POS (standard CBR mapping) OC-768/STM-256 POS Standard OTU3 WDM Infrastructure 4 x 10G Muxponder 4 x 10G Muxponder OTU3 Regenerator • Support standard OTU3 / OC-768 • Support standard 40G multiplexing • OC-192/STM-64 (9.95328G) • 10GbELAN (10.3125G, GFP-F mapping) • OTU2 (10.7G) • Support standard OTU3 regenerator • Overrate clients?? • 10GFC (10.51875G) • OTU2-LAN (11.05G) • OTU2-LAN (11.09G) • OTU2-FC (11.27G) • Proprietary Muxing ? • Use 10G waves only ?

  7. Development Issues • What is the 40G line rate? • 40G POS client only requires standard OTU3 (43.018G line rate) • 10G multiplexing creates possibly many different 40G line rates depending on solution (as high as 45.270G) • Non-standard, overrate, muxing will result in proprietary solutions, interop problems, and ASIC availability issues • Due to limited optical reach an OTU3 to OTU3 regenerator will probably be required • Ideally about 1600km reach w/o Raman. • New transceivers utilizing 50 / 100GHz DPSK modulation • Overrate solutions increase line rate and reduce reach

  8. Beyond 40G ?? • 100G standards effort just beginning. IEEE Call of Interest this month. Expect target 2010 100G standard, at a minimum. • Proprietary Solution. • Bonded Nx10G, Nx40G. 80G / 100G client. • Economics. Currently “ PAIN “ customers club. • COG’s and market price are premium.

  9. Agenda • Lightwave Technologies • Core Transport • OTN, G.709, the “ Digital Wrapper “ • Deployable Control Plane Technologies • Optical Switching • GFP w/ VCAT-LCAS

  10. GbE OCn/STMn OTU-N FC SDI ISC How is OTN Deployed? • OTN is the common optical backbone network of the future. • OTN can provide transparent SONET/SDH services to end users who require section overhead bytes like DCC. • OTN maps all services into a common set of wavelengths – simplifying everything from monitoring and deployment to sparing and capacity management.

  11. OTN and the OSI Stack • The diagram on this page shows the OSI stack modified to show the OTN layers • The Service layer represents the end user service, it can be GbE, SONET, SDH, FC, or any other protocol. • For asynchronous services such as ESCON, GbE or FC the service is passed through a GFP mapper • The OPVC or Optical channel Payload Virtual Container handles mapping the service into a uniform format. The OPVC is the only layer that needs to change to support a new service type. • The OPTU or Optical channel Payload Tributary Unit maps the output of the OPVC into a timeslot and performs timing adaptations to unify the clocking. • The OPU or Optical channel Payload Unit contains all of the timeslots in the OTN frame. • The ODU or Optical channel Data Unit provides the path-level transport functions of the OPU. • The OTU or Optical Transport Unit provides the section-level overhead for the ODU and provides the GCC0 bytes. • The Physical layer maps the OTU into a wavelength or WDM muxing system. Service GFP OPVC OPTU OPU ODU OTU Physical

  12. FA OH OTUk OH OPUk Payload (4x3808 bytes) OTUk FEC (4x256 bytes) ODUk OH OPUk OH 7 bytes 7 bytes 3808 bytes 1 byte 4 bytes 3 bytes 256 bytes 14 bytes 2 bytes OTN revealed • OTN Framing is very similar to SONET and SDH framing. It can be represented by a table 4080 bytes long and 4 bytes high. • http://www.innocor.com/pdf_files/g709_tutorial.pdf

  13. 10.000 Gbps with 64B/66B Encoding 10.3125 Gbps 10GE LAN PHY 9.995 Gbps ODU-2 O/H OTN OPU-2 OTU-2 O/H 10.037 Gbps 10.709 Gbps 10GE for High Bandwidth Applications • Expected to become Intra-office interface of choice • Server connections • Router interface • Transparency of Ethernet MAC can be important • Solution for Transparent WAN connectivity not standardized • Data rate not compatible with standard framing for OC-192 or ODU-2 • Supported using Agile Wavelengths today using OTU-2+ variation of G.709 (11+ Gbps) 10GE LAN PHY Transparency Issue

  14. Agenda • Lightwave Technologies • Core Transport • OTN, G.709, the “ Digital Wrapper “ • Deployable Control Plane Technologies • Optical Switching • GFP w/ VCAT-LCAS

  15. Ciena’s Intelligent Control Plane: History • Configuration • Provisioning • Restoration • Complete and deployed distributed routing and signaling mechanism for core mesh networks • Topology discovery with available bandwidth updates • Constraint based route calculation • In-band signaling for end-to-end sub-network connection (SNC) setup and mesh restoration • Standards based • G.ASON compliant (G.7713.1, G.7715.1…) • Mature, Scalable, and Reliable • 20+ customers with control plane networks (largest has 100+ of nodes) • 5 years of history; research, product, deployments • Only distributed mesh control plane currently widely deployed in live operation

  16. Single Domain I-NNI G F H B I-NNI Domain A E I Peer-to-Peer Signaling/Routing Within a single domain, all nodes share topology information All nodes belong to a common trusted environment and share a common I-NNI (Interior Network-Network Interface) A source node can initiate a connection with a single request message

  17. Multi-Domain Control Plane I-NNI Domain I-NNI Domain G G F F H H B O-UNI A O-UNI E E I I E-NNI Networks support Multiple Domains Carrier networks are multi-domain & multi-technology A single control plane does not scale or fit all needs Individual domains interoperate through the E-NNI or Exterior Network-Network Interface This preserves domain characteristics and scalability

  18. Ciena Standards Support • CoreDirector I-NNI optical control plane protocol (OSRP) is based on ITU ASON Recommendation G.7713.1, with extensions for value-add functionality • Over 5 years of experience in live networks • Proven to significantly reduce operational costs and service activation time • Proven >99.999% service reliability in up to 120 node network • Available : • OIF O-UNI 1.0, based on ITU ASON Recommendation G.7713.2 • OIF E-NNI (also based on ITU G.7713.2), • O-UNI 2.0 and • IETF GMPLS (I-NNI)

  19. Ciena OIF Participation • Co-Founder and strong supporter • Co-founded with Cisco • Currently President • Participated in Supercomm and OFC demonstrations • Participated in UNI 1.0 and 2.0 development • Editor of UNI 1.0R2, E-NNI Signaling and Routing specifications • Keeping NNI aligned with ITU-T directions • Implementation of UNI 1.0R2, E-NNI 1.0

  20. Ciena’s ITU-T Participation • Strong supporter of ASON work • Helped edit G.7713.1 and G.7713.2 Signaling Recommendations • Editor of G.7714.1 (Discovery Mechanisms) • Participated in editing of G.7715 (Routing Arch.) • Supplied main text to G.7715.1 (Routing Requirements) • Supporting ITU-T work on Management of ASON • Provided input to new G.7718 – ASON Management Framework • Editor of G.7718.1 (to be completed) – ASON Management Object Model • Implementation of G.7713.1/2, G.7714, G.7715.1

  21. Ciena’s GMPLS Participation • Co-author of: • GMPLS framework • GMPLS signaling functional spec • GMPLS signaling for SONET/SDH • GMPLS signaling extensions (RSVP, CR-LDP) • GMPLS routing extensions (OSPF, IS-IS) • GMPLS LMP specification • GMPLS ASON requirements drafts • Continued participation… • Currently in Joint Design Team of experts to evaluate ASON-based routing extensions • Implementation of GMPLS RSVP/OSPF-TE

  22. ASON/OIF Testing • 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 OIF Interops • Tested ASON/OIF UNI, E-NNI Signaling and E-NNI Routing • Testing venues include 7 carrier laboratories • Vendors include 15 major switch and router vendors • Tested • Interoperable OSPF-based E-NNI routing • Interoperable RSVP-based E-NNI signaling • Support of Ethernet over SONET/SDH using GFP • Support of VCAT/LCAS connections

  23. ISOCORE Integrated IP/MPLS and Optical Control Plane Demonstration • CIENA CoreDirector® provided intelligent optical switching in the ISOCORE self-managed optical core at Supercomm 2004 • GMPLS control plane protocols used for dynamic routing and automated circuit set up • Router clients forward IP/MPLS application traffic over the optical paths • Successful interoperation of GMPLS RSVP-TE and OSPF-TE in a multi-layer IP environment, including Cisco and Juniper routers Applications e.g., VPN, VPLS, Triple Play IP/MPLS Domain Optical Domain

  24. Agenda • Lightwave Technologies • Core Transport • OTN, G.709, the “ Digital Wrapper “ • Deployable Control Plane Technologies • Optical Switching • GFP w/ VCAT-LCAS

  25. DWR-8 DWR-8 Optical Exchange Model – CoreDirector CI / DWR • CoreDirector CI and CN 4200 based solution • Multi-layer switch facility • Dynamic Wave Router – 3rd Gen Wavelength Tunable ROADM / Optical Switch • OTN interfaces for OTU1/2 • OC3,12,48,192, GbE, 10GbE • O-UNI / NNI, GMPLS signaling • Research Partnerships control plane initiatives SONET, Layer 2 witching O-UNI, GMPLS Network Node SONET, GbE, 10GbE WAN Interfaces F A N λ Tunable DWDM Ports DWDM, OTN WAN interfaces F A N POWER POWER

  26. 1x9 Multi-port Wavelength Selective Switch (MWSS) Technology Functional Operation • Full reconfigurability of Add, Drop and Express ports • Drop any channel from incident optical spectrum • Single channel drop per port or • Drop any N wavelengths at a port • Power level control on each port • 50GHz compatible • Expandable to higher degree node l1 MEMS mirror (1 per l) Input: l2 l3 … l96 … … … Diffraction grating … … … Express Output Ports: 1 2 3 8 Another possible application… Basic ROADM configuration Multiple Express configuration for multi-degree node/ring interconnect In Express 1x9 MWSS In 1x9 MWSS 1 Express port 4 x Express 8 x Drop 4 x Drop

  27. Agenda • Lightwave Technologies • Core Transport • OTN, G.709, the “ Digital Wrapper “ • Deployable Control Plane Technologies • Optical Switching • GFP w/ VCAT-LCAS

  28. Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)Executive Summary • GFP is an approved ITU Recommendation (G.7041.2001) for adapting a wide variety of data signals to transport networks • Data Types • PDU-oriented (e.g., Ethernet, IP/PPP) • Block-code-oriented (e.g., ESCON, FICON, Fibre Channel) • Transport Networks • SONET (including Virtual Concatenation) • Optical Transport Network (OTN) • Other octet-synchronous paths Other client signals IP/PPP MAPOS RPR ESCON Ethernet FICON Fibre Channel GFP Frame mapped Transparent mapped SONET/SDH path Other OTN ODUk path

  29. StorageServices TDM Services IP Services LambdaServices Future Services OC-N PPP DSn GE, Ethernet GE, ESCON FC/FICON TDM Services StorageServices IP/Layer 3 Services RPR LambdaServices Future Services GFP GE, Ethernet PPP ATM POS T1.105 OC-N GE, ESCON FC/FICON DSn Vcat X.86 RPR GFP T1.105 HEC HDLC OTN Vcat DWDM SONET OTN DWDM GFP within the Protocol Hierarchy • Encapsulate & demarcate all services for common management • GFP – Generic Framing Procedure (ITU-T Rec. G.7041) • Uniform mapping of packet, storage & future services to global transport network • Maximise network efficiency & resource utilisation • VCAT – Virtual Concatenation of SONET/SDH • Flexible provisioning of dynamic multi-services with LCAS* (ITU-T Rec. G.7042) Another mapping for IP services, a better mapping for Ethernet, an enabler for Storage services. *LCAS – Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme Extending SONET/SDH to support new Broadband Optical Services

  30. Virtual Concatenation • “Right-sizes” the provisioned SONET path for the client signal • Enables mapping into an arbitrary number of standard STS-1s • Transport capacity decoupled from service bandwidth – less stranded bandwidth • STS signals can be diversely routed through SONET network • Recombined to contiguous payloads at end point of transmission • Need to handle differential delays at egress due to diverse routing • Do this using internal buffers – 5us/km of fibre • Inter-works with all existing SONET/SDH equipment • Only source & sink terminals need to support VCAT STS-1-2v STS-1-4v OC-192 SONET STS-3c-4v • ESCON (160M)  STS-1-4v • Fibre Channel (1G)  STS-3c-6v • Gigabit Ethernet  STS-3c-nv STS-1-2v Provides superior link utilization for both voice and data services

  31. VCAT – Soft Protection • New soft protection schemes possible • Improves efficiency beyond classic SONET protection strategies • Works best with packet services utilising CoS priority support • Soft protection via path diversity • 100% transport capacity utilised under normal conditions (~99.99% availability) • On a failure, percentage of transport capacity is lost (due to impacted STSs) • Client signal automatically re-mapped into the remaining STSs • LCAS enables the VCAT link to be hitlessly repaired VCAT Link

  32. Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)Executive Summary • An approved mechanism (ITU G.7042.2001) for dynamically adjusting the size of a Virtually Concatenated channel • Allows services more flexibility for handling dynamic bandwidth demands • Relies on the NMS/EMS or O-UNI to provision the bandwidth change • Allows channel size adjustment to be hitless • Provides mechanism for adjustment of bandwidth during STS-1 failure • LCAS uses bit-oriented protocol encapsulated in control packets carried in SONET H4 Payload Overhead (16 125μs frames per control packet)

  33. Ethernet Private Line Services

  34. Managed IP Services over Transparent LANs

  35. 3 VCG(s) 1 2 VCG(s) • Port to VCG • VCG to VCG (Server Mode) • Port to Port (Hairpin) Backplane GbE/10GbE Ports Ethernet Line Modules SON/SDH Line Module Ethernet Services Line Modules • Integrated Layer 2 switching • 20G full duplex Ether switch capacity • 1 x 10GbE or 10 x GbE ports • Supports GFP-F, VCAT and LCAS • Variety of mappings possible: PPP, GFP, LAP-S, ATM/FR • Integrated NPU enables MAC learning bridge, Spanning Tree, VLANs, MPLS, PWE3, traffic prioritization, per flow traffic management, statistical multiplexing, link aggregation, port protection, etc. • Any-to-Any packet switching • Traffic from any port switched to any VCG NPU SON/SDH Mapper Pluggable GbE /10GbE Ports Traffic Mgr CD (TDM) Fabric ESLM SON/SDH Line Module

  36. Ending slide

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