Bellwork-Midterm 1 Review packet M/C Review

1. Bellwork-Midterm 1 Review packet M/C Review

2. Answers to MC Questions

3. The First 5 Presidents

7. McCulloch v. MarylandThe issue: Does the government have the power to create a national bank? Do states have the right to tax institutions created by the federal government? Outcome: It reinforced the doctrine of implied powers (powers of Congress) and the power of the national government over state governments Monroe Doctrine: President James Monroe established the Monroe Doctrine to prevent European powers from further colonizationin the Americas (Western Hemisphere). If European countries tried to colonize or interfere in the Americas (North or South) it would be directly viewed by the U.S. as acts of intended aggression which would require U.S. intervention. 4 main points of the Monroe Doctrine James Monroe 1817-1825

8. Constitutional Amendments 1st- Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly… 13th- Freedom- Abolished Slavery 14th- Equality- Provided citizenship to freed slaves 15th- Vote- The right to vote cannot be denied because of race/color 16th- Income tax- became the main source of federal income 17th- Senators- provided for the direct election of U.S. senators 18th-Alcohol- Prohibition-made the sale and/or consumption of alcohol illegal 19th-Women- Provided women suffrage

9. Manifest Destiny: The belief that the United States should expand from sea to shining sea (Atlantic to the Pacific) Imperialism- Stronger countries taking over weaker countries Louisiana Purchase- Purchased by Thomas Jefferson-doubled the size of the U.S. Texas Annexation –Texas won independence from Mexico during the Texas Revolution in 1836 and named Sam Houston president of the new Republic of Texas. The Mexican government refused to acknowledge Texas’s independence. In 1838 Houston invited the U.S. to annex (incorporate as a territory) Texas. In 1845 under President Polk, Texas was entered into the Union as a slave state. This angered the Mexican government and quickly led to war with Mexico.

10. The effects of The Manifest Destiny on Native Americans Mexican Cession-1848- After the Mexican-American War, Mexico ceded (gave) the United States the Mexican Cession which included California, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico California Gold Rush- Movement of people to a place in which gold was discovered. The settlers were known as the 49ers Indian Removal Act-President Andrew Jackson ordered 100,000 Native Americans west of the Mississippi River…why? Fertile land and gold for the white settlers Trail of Tears-forced removal of Native Americans to Indian Reservations Voter Participation because there was an end of property requirements for voting

11. Slavery in the U.S. /Abolition/Women

14. 15 M/C Review 10) After the Civil War, which development limited economic opportunities for African Americans in the South? (1) creation of military districts (2) establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau (3) use of the sharecropping system (4) ratification of the 14th amendment 5) During the 1840s, supporters of Manifest Destiny favored (1) closing the frontier to settlement (2) ending the American System (3) acquiring Texas and California (4) ceding the Oregon territory to Russia 1) The term federalism is best defined as (1) the process of amending a constitution (2) the power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws (3) a republican form of government with no hereditary ruler (4) the division of power between the states and the national government 2) Which action is an example of the use of checks and balances? (1) impeachment of President Bill Clinton (2) choosing a vice presidential running mate by a presidential candidate (3) election of the Speaker of the House by the majority party (4) starting negotiations for a treaty by President George Washington 6) What was one important geographic reason the United States was able to maintain a foreign policy of neutrality throughout most of the 19th century? (1) The Atlantic Ocean provided a buffer from European interference. (2) Extensive mountain ranges along the Pacific coastline prevented invasions. (3) Scarce natural resources discouraged international trade. (4) European immigrants had rapid communication with their homelands. 7) President Andrew Jackson used the spoils system to (1) stop the westward expansion of slavery (2) strengthen the military for national defense (3) reward loyal political supporters (4) destroy the Bank of the United States 8) Which constitutional principle was the main focus of the North–South conflicts that led to the Civil War? (1) States rights (2) due process of law (3) separation of powers (4) presidential veto power 11) Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes were enacted by Southern States to (1) limit the movement of African Americans (2) restrict the voting rights of African Americans (3) improve the social status of African Americans (4) expand educational opportunities for African Americans 12 is same as 9 13) After 1877, racial segregation became widespread in the South primarily as a result of the (1) decline of the Ku Klux Klan (2) activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau (3) stationing of federal troops in the South (4) passage of Jim Crow laws 14) The theory of laissez-faire economics was used during the late 1800s to (1) justify unregulated business growth (2) call for more consumer protection (3) support Progressive programs (4) achieve equal distribution of income 15) The actions of muckrakers in the late 19th century and early 20th century resulted in (1) Supreme Court decisions that expanded the right to vote (2) government regulation of unfair business practices (3) increases in the power of monopolies (4) reduction of the president’s power to manage the economy 3) The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) increased the power of the federal courts by (1) increasing the number of judges (2) enabling the president to overturn lower-court decisions (3) establishing federal supremacy over state governments (4) establishing the principle of judicial review 4) Completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 encouraged the growth of the Midwest because it (1) linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Coast (2) helped force the removal of British forts in the Northwest Territory (3) stimulated development of cotton production in the Ohio River valley (4) increased trade with Asia 9) • Publication of The Liberator • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Dred Scott decision The events listed above all contributed to the (1) outbreak of the Civil War (2) formation of the policy of Manifest Destiny (3) passage of the Missouri Compromise (4) annexation of Texas

15. Answers to MC questions