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微生物之種類

12. 微生物之種類. 細　菌 真　菌 原生動物 藻　類 病　毒. Fig. 1.14. 真　菌. 酒精飲料. Brewer’s yeasts. Brewers classify yeasts as top-fermenting and bottom-fermenting . This distinction was introduced by the Dane Emil Christian Hansen. Top-fermenting yeasts.

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微生物之種類

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  1. 12 微生物之種類 細　菌 真　菌 原生動物 藻　類 病　毒

  2. Fig. 1.14

  3. 真　菌

  4. 酒精飲料 Brewer’s yeasts • Brewers classify yeasts as top-fermenting and bottom-fermenting. This distinction was introduced by the Dane Emil Christian Hansen.

  5. Top-fermenting yeasts • They form a foam at the top of the wort during fermentation. • higher alcohol concentrations and prefer higher temperatures, typically 16 °C - 24 °C • fruitier, sweeter, ale-type beers. • An example of a top-fermenting yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, known to brewers as ale yeast.

  6. Bottom-fermenting yeasts • These yeasts ferment more sugars, leaving a crisper taste, and grow well at low temperatures. • An example of bottom fermenting yeast is Saccharomyces pastorianus, formerly known as Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.

  7. 酒精飲料 (水果酒) (穀類酒)

  8. 酒精飲料

  9. 酒精飲料 • alcohol by volume (abv) (%) proof In the United Kingdom, the proof-to-ABV ratio is 7:4. In the United States, it is 2:1. • flavor

  10. 酒精飲料 • Beer 澱粉醱酵 about 4% to 6% abv flavoured with hops, herbs or fruit • Wine 水果醱酵 about 9%–16% abv a long aging process (months or years) • Spirit distilled, at least 20% ABV Beer and wine were limited to a maximum alcohol content of about 15% ABV.

  11. Beer • Ale is a type of beer brewed from malted barley. Ales are normally brewed with top-fermenting yeasts. • Sake is also referred to in English as rice wine. Wine contains 9–16% alcohol and most beer is 3–8%, whereas undiluted sake is 18–20% alcohol

  12. wine • Sparkling wine can be made by adding a small amount of sugar before bottling, which causes a secondary fermentation to occur in the bottle and significant levels of carbon dioxide in it making it fizzy. The classic example of a sparkling wine is Champagne.

  13. spirit • Whisky or whiskey is a type of alcoholic beverage distilled from fermented grain mash. • Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine, the wine having first been produced by fermenting grapes.

  14. Bourbon whiskey • Bourbon is an American whiskey, a type of distilled spirit, made primarily from corn and named for Bourbon County, Kentucky.

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