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Rhetorical Theory: A theory of Judgment

Rhetorical Theory: A theory of Judgment. Michael Vicaro. The Rhetorical Situation. The Rhetorical Situation. The Rhetorical Situation. A speaker. The Rhetorical Situation. A speaker Faced with a crisis (exigency ). The Rhetorical Situation. A speaker Faced with a crisis (exigency)

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Rhetorical Theory: A theory of Judgment

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  1. Rhetorical Theory:A theory of Judgment Michael Vicaro

  2. The Rhetorical Situation

  3. The Rhetorical Situation

  4. The Rhetorical Situation • A speaker

  5. The Rhetorical Situation • A speaker • Faced with a crisis (exigency)

  6. The Rhetorical Situation • A speaker • Faced with a crisis (exigency) • Appeals to an audience

  7. The Rhetorical Situation • A speaker • Faced with a crisis (exigency) • Appeals to an audience • Whose judgment matters

  8. I.

  9. Rhetoric is about Judgment

  10. Greek Problems and Roman Problems

  11. Greek Problems and Roman Problems • Ancient Greek communication problem:

  12. Greek Problems and Roman Problems • Ancient Greek communication problem: How citizens can arrive at collective judgment when they begin with different beliefs and interests and the right course of action is unknown

  13. Greek Problems and Roman Problems • Ancient Roman communication problem:

  14. Greek Problems and Roman Problems • Ancient Roman communication problem: How to transmit official declarations from the center to the periphery of a broad empire

  15. A rhetorical view of Judgment Implies

  16. A rhetorical view of Judgment Implies • Uncertainty

  17. A rhetorical view of Judgment Implies • Uncertainty • Urgency

  18. A rhetorical view of Judgment Implies • Uncertainty • Urgency • Interdependence

  19. A rhetorical view of Judgment Implies • Uncertainty • Urgency • Interdependence • Hope

  20. Alternatives to Judgment:

  21. Alternatives to judgment: • Force

  22. Alternatives to judgment: • Force • Submission

  23. Alternatives to judgment: • Force • Submission • Solitude

  24. On Lies

  25. On Lies Rhetoric that employs deceit descends into force, submission, or solitude.

  26. Rhetoric, again, is about uncertainty, urgency, interdependence, and hope

  27. II.

  28. Rhetoric is about language

  29. Rhetoric is about languageand symbols more generally

  30. But Bodies Matter

  31. III.

  32. Rhetoric is about the Audience

  33. What we must assume

  34. What we must assume- the audience possesses: • Intelligence

  35. What we must assume- the audience possesses: • Intelligence • Influence (their judgment matters)

  36. What we must assume- the audience possesses: • Intelligence • Influence (their judgment matters) • Hopes, fears, passions, ideals, empathy, shame, imagination etc.

  37. What we must assume- the audience possesses: • Intelligence • Influence (their judgment matters) • Hopes, fears, passions, ideals, empathy, shame, imagination, etc. • Pasts and futures

  38. What we must assume- the audience possesses: • Intelligence • Influence (their judgment matters) • Hopes, fears, passions, ideals, empathy, shame, imagination, etc. • Pasts and futures • Cultures, opinions, beliefs, differences

  39. In sum

  40. In sum Rhetoric is about influencing the judgment of audiences on whom the speaker depends

  41. As critics we can ask Who are the intended and untended audiences? What appeals are made to sway their judgment What alternatives have been excluded?

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