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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Packet-Switching Hardware

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Packet-Switching Hardware. Devang Parekh EE290F 4/15/04. Outline. TCP OSI 7 Layer SYN/ACK Different Flavors Routers What they do Protocols. OSI 7 Layer Model. OSI 7 Layer Model. Physical (Layer 1) Physical link layer

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Packet-Switching Hardware

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  1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Packet-Switching Hardware Devang Parekh EE290F 4/15/04

  2. Outline • TCP • OSI 7 Layer • SYN/ACK • Different Flavors • Routers • What they do • Protocols

  3. OSI 7 Layer Model

  4. OSI 7 Layer Model • Physical (Layer 1) • Physical link layer • Electrical impulse, radio, optical • Lowest layer of the OSI Model

  5. OSI 7 Layer Model • Data Link (Layer 2) • Data packets encoded into bits • Media Access Control (MAC) Layer • Controls how a computer gains access to a link and transmission on that link. • Logical Link Control (LLC) Layer • Frame synchronization, flow control, error checking

  6. OSI 7 Layer Model • Network (Layer 3) • Switching and routing performed at this layer • Addressing, internetworking, error handling, congestion control, packet sequencing • IP

  7. OSI 7 Layer Model • Transport (Layer 4) • Transparent transfer of data • End-to-end recovery • Flow control • TCP/UDP

  8. OSI 7 Layer Model • Session (Layer 5) • Manages end-to-end connections • Presentation (Layer 6) • Acts as middleware for application layer • Application (Layer 7) • The program you use

  9. TCP/UDP • UDP (User Datagram Protocol) • Provides multiplexing/demultiplexing to IP • No congestion control • Advantage: does not increase delay over connection • Audio/video stream

  10. TCP/UDP • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) • Reliable, in-order delivery • Multiplexing/Demultiplexing to IP • Congestion control and avoidance • Increases delay • File transfer, chat

  11. 3-way handshake

  12. 3-way handshake • Goal: Agree on sequence numbers

  13. State Diagram

  14. Header

  15. Header • Ports – self-explanatory • Sequence number, acknowledgement – used in sliding window protocol • Flags • SYN/FIN –establishing/terminating connections • ACK – acknowledgement is valid • URG – urgent data • RESET- abort connection

  16. Sliding Window Protocol • Stop & Wait • Transmit • Wait for Ack • If timeout send again • Go-back-n • Transmit n packets • If timeout at packet k, send again from k, k+1, …

  17. Congestion Control • Telephone Network: • Reservation • TCP: • Adapt rate to congestion • Algorithm should be fair • UDP: • Hope for the best

  18. Congestion Control • Ex. TCP-Reno • Congested -> decrease rate • Uncongested -> increase rate • Additive-Increase Multiplicative-Decrease (AIMD)

  19. Congestion Control • Fast retransmit • Fast Recovery • Slow Start • Flow Control

  20. Congestion Control • Fast Retransmit • ACK #= next expected ACK

  21. Congestion Control • Slow Start • Discover available bandwidth fast

  22. Congestion Control • Flow Control • Receiver advertises window

  23. Routers • IP Addressing • Classes

  24. Routers • Functions • Topology update • Shortest path • Switching

  25. Routers • Topology Update • Link State • Communicates name and distance to each neighbor • Distance Vector • Communicates current distance estimates to every other node • Path Vector • Communicates current preferred path to every other node

  26. Routers

  27. Routers

  28. Routers • The Cisco 1760 Modular Access Router offers small and medium-sized businesses and enterprise small branch offices a 19-inch rack-mount access solution designed to enable them to grow their e-business capabilities. The two different versions of the Cisco 1760 Modular Access Router, the base version Cisco 1760 router and the preconfigured multiservice-ready Cisco 1760-V router, address the needs of customers who want to deploy e-business applications—now or in the future. • The Cisco 1760 router, as a modular platform in a 19-inch rack-mount form factor, offers customers secure Internet and intranet access, as well as the capability to implement a variety of e-business and voice applications. This includes voice over IP (VoIP), virtual private network (VPN) access, and business-class digital subscriber line (DSL) as required (refer to Figure 1). • The Cisco 1760 router is part of a broad portfolio of access routers optimized to deliver intelligent services such as quality of service (QoS), manageability, availability, and security. • The two different versions of the Cisco 1760 Modular Access Router, the base version Cisco 1760 router and the Cisco 1760-V router, address the needs of customers who want to deploy transformation technologies such as converged voice and data, IP telephony, or videoconferencing.

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