CURRENT STATUS OF WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION IN AFRICA and HOW AfWA IS FACING THE CHALLENGES

1. CURRENT STATUS OF WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION IN AFRICA and HOW AfWA IS FACING THE CHALLENGES

2. PRESENTATION 1.0 –The Context 1.1 –The African Water and sanitation Agenda 1.2 –Presentation of the Water and sanitation sector in Africa and the MDG’S 1.3 – Financing of the Water and sanitation sector 2.0 –Politics and Evolution of the water sector reforms 2.1 – Water utilities reforms 2.2 – Policy Concerns of the water services in Africa 3.0 –Water & Sanitation Utilities challenges 3.1 –Human resources management 3.2 –Customer care management and communication 3.3 –Infrastructure maintenance management 3.4 – Implementation of an optimal Information system management 3.5 –Issues for which solution must be found 3.6 – Sanitation challenges   4.0 – how is The African Water Association is facing the challenges

3. 1.0 – The context It is only since about ten years ago that the international community came to grips with The water and sanitation issues globally. The water and sanitation Agenda grew with intensity these past years being even more striking in Africa. • In 2000, it was the presentation of the African Water Vision for 21th century, in the 2nd WWF in the Hague, then • The High African Steering Committee for Water is born under the aegis of the AfDB • The implementation of the Council of the African Minister for Water, • The creation of the African Water Facility at the AfDB , • The inclusion of water in the NEPAD Program (New Partnership for African Developpmement ) • The implementation, in the AfDB of a department completely dedicated to the Water and Sanitation Issues. Only for the year 2008 one can register • The Heads of state and Governments Summit of the African Union in Egypt on the water and sanitation • The first African Water Week, • Africasan in South Africa.

4. 1.2 – Presentation of the Water and sanitation sector in Africa and the MDG’S The African Continent includes 54 countries and is characterized by A growth rate of the population which is very high • 943 000 000 in 2005 • 1 150 000 000 in 2015 • 1 940 000 000 in 2050 An increase of the poverty. • Among all the regions of the World, Africa is the only one who became poorer during these past years.  The urban population • Who represents 39 % today which is approximately 366 million and will reach 53 % in the next 25 years. The rural population • Which represent 61 % which is 577 million. The growth rate of urbanization in Africa is the highest in the world, that is 4 % a year. Before 2020 Africa is likely to have about ten Mega Cities with more than 5 000 000 inhabitants', and more than 700 cities of more than 100 000 Inhabitants.

5. 1.2 – Presentation of the Water and sanitation sector in Africa and the MDG’S The African Continent is also characterized by An abundance in renewable water resources , but unevenly spread in the continent • 5400 billions m3 a year from which approximately 15 % are underground water • only 4 % of the renewable water resources are used for drinking water, irrigation and Energy .

6. 1.2 – Presentation of the Water and sanitation sector in Africa and the MDG’S Acces to drinkable water and the MDG’s • According to the most recent figures, 602 million inhabitants have access to drinking water • The increase of the coverage does not match with the population growth • In 16 African countries, the access to drinking water is less than 50 %, • Since 1990, it is approximately 245 000 000 of the individuals that had access to drinking water and this is insufficient for the achievement of the MDG’s for Africa - 26 African countries on 54 will achieve MDG’s in 2015. • To achieve the MDG’s on the continent, approximately 300 000 000 Africans need to have access to drinking water between 2006 and 2015 that is approximately 33 million persons per year.

7. 1.2 – Presentation of the Water and sanitation sector in Africa and the MDG’S Access to adequate sanitation in Africa and the MDG’s • 360 million of African have access to adequate Sanitation in 2006 • In approximately 40 African countries the access to adequate sanitation is lower than 50 %. • 6 African countries only are to achieve the MDG’s concerning sanitation • More than 400 millions African need to have access to adequate sanitation to achieve the MDG’s concerning sanitation during the period 2006 in 2015 L’assainissement adéquat en Afrique et les OMD en quelques Chiffres • 360 millions d’africains ont accès à un assainissement adéquat en 2006 • L’augmentation de la couverture ne suit pas l’augmentation de la population. Dans environ 40 pays africains le taux de couverture en assainissement adéquat est inférieur à 50%. • 6 pays africains seulement sont en voie d’atteindre les OMD relatif à l’Assainissement • Plus de 400 millions d’africains doivent avoir accès à un service adéquat d’assainissement afin que l’Afrique puisse atteindre les OMD relatif à l’assainissement pendant la période 2006 à 2015

8. 1.3 – Financing of the African Water and sanitation sector The main objective of today’s financing of the sector The substantial improvement of the access to drinking water and adequate sanitation services to the wide fringe of the African population, which live below the poverty threshold and cannot support the financial costs of a service insuring a minimal quality. Global improvement of delivery Improvement of the performance of the water and sanitation utilities • Public or private utilities which operate in big or small cities • Local authorities in charge of the public water service and sanitation in towns and mid-sized cities of countries on the continent • In rural areas often abandoned, while it shelters the majority of the African.

9. 1.3 – Financing of the African Water and sanitation sector Infrastructures in water require an adequate financing because of the very capital-intensive characteristics of its equipments of which the amortization can run from 25 to 50 years. The mobilization of private financing remains extremely difficult • The African Vision for Water for 2025, • The annual need in investment for the development of infrastructures in water and sanitation : 20 billion US Dollars a year from 2000 to 2025. • An annual seed money of 10 billion US Dollars was necessary for the immediate needs in water: • 6 billion US Dollars to answer the primary needs in drinking water and sanitation, • 2 billion US Dollars for the promotion of the irrigation for agriculture • 2 billion US Dollars to support the institutional development, the intensification of capacities building, the research, the education and the information system management .

10. 1.3 – Financing of the African Water and sanitation sector Enormous needs in infrastructures are identified, projects sometimes very expensive but necessary, and the traditional sources of financing shrink with regard to the always growing needs. The low number of dossiers presented by Africa with regard to the available capital is often blamed THE PARADOX New mechanisms of Financing and Partnerships must be set up to satisfy all these needs. The project of the African Water Association concerning the implementation of a rating tool and evaluation of the credit worthiness of the African water and sanitation utilities called SHADOW CREDIT RATING with the aim of investigating the local FINANCE markets for the financing of the infrastructures of the water and sanitation can be considered as the beginning of solutions in search of innovative financing.

11. 2.0 –Politics and Evolution of the water sector reforms 2.1 – Water utilities reforms 2.2 – Policy Concerns of the water services in Africa

12. 2.0 – Politics and Evolution of the water sector reforms 2.1 Water utilities Reforms Despite this apparent simplicity of organisation, many water systems around the world have displayed inconsistent tendencies in their operations and had to undertake reforms. For example, after performances in Africa in the years 80 and 90s, there has been the emergence of important reforms of water supplies and sanitation in many African Countries in the last ten years.

13. 2.0 – Politics and Evolution of the water sector reforms There have been concessions in Northern Africa Morocco and Egypt 2.1 Water utilities Reforms The participation of the private sector (PSP) in Western Africa Senegal, Ghana, and Burkina Faso, Guinea Reinforcement in the management of public Utilities in Eastern and Southern Africa Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Botswana et South Africa The ONEP of Morocco which obtained a contract in Cameroon The emergence of SOUTH-SOUTH partnerships with public utilities in their own country which emigrate by establishing private structures, RAND WATER from South Africa whodid the samewith Ghana

14. 2.0 – Politics and Evolution of the water sector reforms In that respect, local solutions emerge every year as well as consistent knowledge which must be known by political decision makers and technicians from the water and sanitation sector 2.1 Water utilities Reforms The rural areas and the peri-urban settlements, where most of the population is living were not directly affected by these reforms waves. Unfortunately , most of these reforms only affected the big African towns and in their conventional living areas . It gave birth to new forms of activities taken into account by small local private entrepreneurs, taking care of the supply of water to the underprivileged population in the per-urban areas LEADING TO Unsafe water quality Very High Tariffs

15. 2.0 – Politics and Evolution of the water sector reforms A strong will for decentralization of public authorities in the African states, A transfer of competence of the services of the water and sanitation to local authorities 2.1 Water utilities Reforms While being a situation which eventually will facilitate on the long term the water coverage and will improve the access to the drinking water, and adequate sanitation service Realization of new infrastructure investments Very strong additional pressure on the sector generally because requiring important financial resources Upgrade of the existing local infrastructures Capacity Building of the new Managers of water and sanitation public services

16. 2.0 – Politics and Evolution of the water sector reforms 2.1 Water utilities Reforms In the view of the improvement of the performances of the water utilities, other forms of collaboration with the private sector also took place, involving, specific assistance contracts , for instance leakage management contract , or invoice recovery contract etc. Customer management Leakeage control outsourcing of various operations specific assistance contracts Meters reading Invoice distribution Etc.

17. 2.0 – Politics and Evolution of the water sector reforms The following Concerns must henceforth be taken into account • Problems related to Management, regulation and political choices in water sector and sanitation must be priorities. • The definition and the implication of the private sector must be clarified • The coverage of utilities ‘operation & exploitation costs must be analysed and lessons must be drawn. • New types of financing must be raised to modernise the infrastructure of the sector and the institutions. • Laws about water must be taken, proposed and generalised • Institutions of environmental and commercial regulation must be established • Radical institutional reforms ( comprising privatisation or appropriate management delegations) must be identified and associated policies included • The politics and the operators have to be at the same level of information with regard to the sector-based challenges . (common capacity building progams) 2.2 Policy Concerns of the water services in Africa.

18. 3.0 –Water Utilities challenges 3.1 – Human resources management 3.2 – Customer care management and communication 3.3 – Infrastructure maintenance management 3.4 – Implementation of an optimal Information system management 3.5 –Issues for which solution must be found  

19. 3.0 – Water Utilities challenges In consideration of utilities operations, the challenges of the WSS Utilities in the context displayed above are the following 4 types: • Human resources management and Capacity building • Customer care management and communication • Infrastructure maintenance management • Implementation of an optimal Information System Management

20. 3.0 – Water Utilities challenges • 3.1 Human resources management and Capacity building • Globalization • Opening of frontiers • International Competition Men and women represent an important leverage for the changes which utilities have to undertake. • Improve recruitment techniques • Improve management • improve promotion of skills • Improve training programs Utilities have to have new tools to maximize on the skills The appearance of a new culture in utilities and the new behavior demand the establishment of an appropriate Human resources management Utilities challenges increase The needs for development accelerate

21. 3.0 – Water Utilities challenges • 3.2 Customer care management and communication The requirements of the customers are today more and more numerous. The improvements, brought to the services of the Customer management in utilities is not longer enough and are considered by the customers as base requirements . The customers always ask more: • Personalized services; • A permanent listening, • An ability to react in the treatment of their requests • more professionalism For that purpose, the stakeholders in the customer field have to get the right technical means and necessary tools to meet the expectations of customers and satisfy their demands

22. 3.0 – Water Utilities challenges • 3.3 Infrastructure maintenance management The current situation of the exploitation of a large number of water Utilities operating in urban area is characterized by, • Weak investments in terms of infrastructures, • An ageing network, • A deficit of the resource, • Increasing Non Revenue Water volume entailing inevitably a constant deterioration of network efficiency • A lack of reliable plans for the oldest networks in spite of the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) for the most recent networks, • And finally an important need for investments 40 % of the water equipments are not functional after 10 years mainly because of, the absence of the adequate maintenance policy, the lack of capacities at the human resources level, unsuitable technological choices, and finally to the lack of financial means.

23. 3.0 – Water Utilities challenges • 3.4 Implementation of an optimal Information system management Today, a major necessity, Information systems are the heart of the management of the modern Utilities. Still out of reach for some Utilities because of the cost of such a system, a successful information system seems prohibitive. Improvement of customer management Elaboration of performing strategies Good governance Information Systems lead Better provisions Better oraganisation Anticipation of change management A better human resources management

24. 3.0 – Water Utilities challenges • 3.5 Issues for which solution must be found   Globally the problems to be resolved are many but we shall quote few of them : • Identify networks and update of the plans to improve the operation of the system • Decrease the pressure put on the resource by limiting the leaks and the water wasting – improve the NRW • Improve the network efficiency • Insure a continuity of the service in quantity and in quality • Enhance reliability of the metering concerning the production and in the distribution • Insure a satisfactory level of production • Minimize the halt of equipments for repair • Insure a better lifetime of the works by implementation of a good maintenance management programme and use of computer assisted operation • Insure a good training by permanent capacity building actions • Insure of performing and useful exploitation data by the use of a successful information system.

25. 4.0 –Sanitation Utilities challenges Issues to tackle 

26. 4.0 – Sanitation Utilities challenges Few years remain to meet the deadline of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Yet many countries particularly in Africa and South Asia are off track. Inadequate resources Weak Governance over 10 million children are dying annually of readily preventable water born diseases In low income countries 3/5 of urban low-income households have access to improved sanitation facilities 1/4 of rural low-income households

27. 4.0 – Sanitation Utilities challenges This situation gave birth to small local entrepreneurs operating in the mechanical or manual draining of septic tanks, in the transport, in the provision, or in the treatment " and the re-use of waste water. They play a crucial role rarely officially recognized and which would require to be much better organized and whose capacities should be strengthened

28. 4.0 – Sanitation Utilities challenges Sanitation is a business and should be planned to contribute to cities economic growth. To develop tailor-made solutions in the African context, the following challenges need to be address: Sustain African research capacity and expertise generation for sustainable sanitation project implementation. Scale-up current successes in large cities (i.e. Dakar, Ouagadougou etc.) to implement in growing small and middle-size cities. Sustain and promote business opportunities for small-scale services providers and Sanitation Utilities. Develop an integrated network of sanitation transportation technologies including faecal sludge emptying trucks and low-cost sewerage. Optimise processing systems

29. The Sector must concentrate in the following Demand management, including cost-recovery policies, water use efficiency technologies, and decentralized water management authority. Equitable access to water resources through participatory and transparent management, including support for effective water users association, involvement of marginalized groups, and consideration of gender issues. Maintenance Management of works and equipments for long lasting operation Supply optimization, including assessments of surface and groundwater supplies, water balances, reducing Non Revenue Water, wastewater reuse, and environmental impacts of distribution and use options. Improved policy, regulatory and institutional frameworks, such as the implementation, water quality norms and standards, and market-based regulatory mechanisms.

30. HOW IS THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION FACING THE CHALLENGES

31. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION PRESENTATION OF THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 1) History Several managers of organizations involved in the African drinking water and sector decided in February 1980 to establish an Association known as: THE UNION OF AFRICAN WATER SUPPLIERS (U.A.W.S.) Côte d’Ivoire, Benin, Togo, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Upper Volta, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Liberia In 2004 after the various institutional Reforms that took place in the water sector during the 90s in Africa, new bodies such as regulators, assets holding companies, sanitation utilities were brought to daylight and wanted to benefit from the various actions of AfWA and wanted to join the Institution. The Union of African Water suppliers changed objectives and name and was called THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION (AfWA)

32. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION PRESENTATION OF THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 2) Objectives - Organs - Members - Partners - Actions Coordinate the search for knowledge and up-date technical, legal, administrative, and economic data gathered in the area of Water Supply, Sanitation and the Environment; THE OBJECTIVES Initiate, encourage and promote any actions of cooperation and exchange in professional training; Foster permanent exchange of information in all areas related to water supply, sanitation and environment, particularly on research and implemented techniques; Promote contacts, exchanges and cordial relationship among professionals of the sector in Africa and throughout the world. The Association organizes congresses, colloquia, seminars, workshops and technical sessions. THE CONGRESS - THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY - THE EXECUTIVE BOARD THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COUNCIL - THE GENERAL SECRETARIAT THE COMMUNICATION UNIT THE ORGANS They are essentially the contributions of the Members and, exceptionally, by gifts and subsidies. THE RESOURCES

33. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION PRESENTATION OF THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 2) Objectives - Organs - Members - Partners - Actions The African Water Association (AfWA) 16th International Water and Sanitation Congress 20th-23rd February 2012 in Marrakech, Morocco, The theme of this congress is: Collaborative Mechanisms and Innovations for the sustainable development of the water and sanitation sector in Africa. AfWA CONGRESS

34. THE STRUCTURE THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION

35. Zone North/Nord Algerie, Egypt, Libya, Maroc, Sudan, Tunisie THE REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENTS Zone West/Ouest Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Vert, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinee, Guinee Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Mauritanie, SenegaL Sierra Leone, Togo Zone East/Est Burundi, Comores, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania Zone Central/Centrale Angola, Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, Guinee Equatoriale, Republique Centrafricaine, Republique Democratique Du Congo, Sao Tome E Principe, Tchad Zone South/Sud South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mauritius, Madagascar

36. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES REGULAR MEMBERS May become Regular Members Utilities and agencies in African countries working for the production and supply of potable water and sanitation. From 18 members when it was established, the Association has today more than 100 Regular Members from over 35 African countries. AFFILIATED MEMBERS May become Affiliated Members, any agency or economic operator directly or indirectly involved in the potable water and sanitation sector in Africa. Affiliated Members comprise more than 60 companies and institutions from all the continents. INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS Any individual directly or indirectly involved in the potable water and sanitation sector in Africa. Any individual or corporate bodies who have rendered distinguished services to the UNION and who, through their action, have contributed to the efficient achievement of itsdevelopment. HONORARY MEMBERS

37. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION For the African Water Association Capacities Building for water utilities is Key for performances improvement.  The African Water Association is contributing via: Techniques sessions, seminars, workshops, Congresses, Training courses, networking of professionals, projects implementation - With the support of AfWA Partners. The Association is also contributing by getting involved in partnerships and working groups with various institutions worldwide.

38. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION • The Actions of the African Water Association are grouped into in 7 categories: • 1. The limited individual Capacity Building Programs • 2. The Specific Partnerships • 3. The Technical Projects • The Association initiatives • 5.The Participation in Task Forces & Working groups • 6. The Long term Capacity Building Programs • 7. The Capacity building Institution

39. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 1 - THE LIMITED INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAMS In 2006 Capacity building of AfWA for good Governance in water and sanitation utilities. Seminars and workshops with support from the Centre for the Development of Enterprise (CDE) , EU Dept. for ACP countries for up to 28 000 Euros In 2008 Capacity Building for the maintenance of water and sanitation utilities network. Five countries Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Ghana, Senegal, Kenya have received a grant of 900 000 Eurosfor an 18 months project, for the establishment of an efficient infrastructure maintenance approach of the water utilities and contracting SMEs – Consultants HYDROCONSEIL & G2C In 2008 Improving the management of water and sanitation utilities through the rational use of performance indicators. 4 countries and 8 utilities will be pilots in this project supported by AfDB. in 2008 Non Revenue Water (NRW) Capacity Building program. Large scale training of the executives and technicians of AfWA Corporate Members in mastering and controlling Non Revenue Water. Supported by World Bank (WBI) and INwent Capacity Building. With support up to US $ 33.000 . AfWA is negociating with other donors to extend the program

40. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 2. THE SPECIFIC AGREEMENTS WITH PARTNERS • AfWA has Signed a MoU with World Water Council (WWC) • The Partnership areas are: • Organizing the Search for the financing of the infrastructures investments • Urban and rural sanitation • Better use of Capacity building program • AfWA has Signed a MoU with the Partnership for Municipal Development (PDM) • The Partnership areas are • Capitalization of experience exchange in the management of the water and sanitation sector and dissemination to local governments. • Contribution to the debate on water and sanitation policy WORLD WATER COUNCIL PARTNERSHIP FOR MUNICPAL DEVELOPMENT

41. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 2. THE SPECIFIC AGREEMENTS WITH PARTNERS • AfWA has Signed a MoU with the International Water Association  One of the major consequences of this partnership is the merger of the ESAR-IWA the African organization of the IWA concerning the Eastern and Southern African regions in the AfWA which makes of the AfWA henceforth the only organization of the water and sanitation sector in Africa. The Partnership areas are : • At the institutional level, symmetrical, reciprocal arrangements for representation in each Association’s governance structure. • Examining existing, respective programs, projects or events of each Association for potential cooperative efforts and exchange of information. • Maintaining regular communication between leaders of the associations and developing avenues to promote dialogue amongst the associations’ respective members that share similar expertise. • Searching for new programs to develop cooperatively and share expertise, results, and program benefits. INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

42. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 2. THE SPECIFIC AGREEMENTS WITH PARTNERS AfWA signed a MoU with United Cities and Local Governments of Africa (UCLGA).This partnership concerns the promotion in a operational way of Contractualization of the relations between the actors of the public utility of drinkable water supply and sanitation in the perspective to improve the level of these services and to promote a wider access to the populations within the framework of a sustainable development of the water and sanitation sectors. AfWA is preparing the signature of a MoU with the of African Ministers Council of Water (AMCOW). The main objectives of this cooperation agreement is to establish a framework for streamlining the role of Water and Sanitation Operators in the implementation of water and sanitation service delivery initiatives, as agreed at policy and political levels. (Declarations and Commitments of Heads of state and Government of Sharm and Sheikh in July, 2008). UNITED CITIES AND LOCAL GOUVERNMENT AFRICAN MINISTER COUNCIL IN CHARGE OF WATER

43. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 2. THE SPECIFIC AGREEMENTS WITH PARTNERS • AfWA is Preparing the signature of a MoU with The Spanish Association of water and sanitation and irrigation Operators , and Manufacturers of hydraulic equipments.. The axes of cooperation identified in this agreement are the following ones: • Technology transfer and development cooperation on water. • To establish and facilitate partnerships and collaborations between African and Spanish territories, private companies and organizations. Strengthen relations among África and Spain. • Information and knowledge sharing. • To contribute to the awareness and education of society on the importance of responsible water management. ASSOCIACION OF FABRIANTES OF AGUA Y RIEGO ESPANOLES - AFRE

44. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 3. THE TECHNICAL PROJECTS ISO TC/224 . AfWA was part of the ISO TC/224 technical group for the preparation of the ISO/CD 24510-24511-24512 guidelines in Africa. These three guidelines are dedicated to customer Management, Water distribution operations, and Sanitation operations, for the use of utilities. The purposes of these guideline is to enhance the overall management performances of water and sanitation utilities despite the size or type (public or private) or ownership (central or local government) (2008) Shadow Credit Rating Project: Development of a credit assessment tool that could securely match with the African water and sanitation utilities specificity to help them to get funds from the local market for infrastructure investments. Supported by World Bank (WSP). A Pilot project on Remote metering is undertaken with the world known Company ACTARIS in 5 Utilities ONEA of Burkina Faso, SONEB of Benin, TdE of Togo, ONEAD of Djibouti, and NWSC of Uganda. The purpose of this Pilot Project is to analyze how remote metering in the African water utilities can enhance performances. The final report was presented at the AfWA CONGRESS in March 2010. (2008). ISO TC/224 Shadow Credit Rating Remote Metering ITRON (ACTARIS)

45. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 4. THE ASSOCIATION INITIATIVES • Voicing African Expertise. African experts are not often properly highlighted or documented, and remained unknown. This untapped expertise does not influence much international meeting and discussion series aiming at shaping the policy and innovations in the Water and Sanitation Sector. • A major factor limiting the sharing of the African expertise is the lack of financial support from their institution to attend regularly meetings that shape the international policy in the water and sanitation sector. The absence of African experts in these meetings limits seriously opportunities to take up new knowledge, innovation, ideas, technologies or approaches. • The African Water Association has developed the initiative Voicing African Expertise with international financial partners ( Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, & CCAA Climate Change Adaptation in Africa ) to give a voice to those African experts who have capitalized sufficient expertise, know-how or lessons to be shared with the international development community. • The 1st IWA Development CONGRESS in Mexico November 2009 • AfWA 15th CONGRESS in Kampala March 2010. VOICING AFRICAN EXPERTISE

46. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 5. THE PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL TASK FORCES & WORKING GROUPS • SWA is a UNICEF (UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN FUNDS) and the WORLD BANK initiative • Sanitation and Water for All is a global partnership between developing countries, donors, multi-lateral agencies, civil society and other development partners working together to achieve universal and sustainable access to sanitation and drinking water, with an immediate focus on achieving the Millennium Development Goals in the most off-track countries. • To achieve this, Sanitation and Water for All aims to: • Increase political prioritisation for sustainable sanitation and drinking water  • Support strong national sanitation and drinking water planning, investment and accountability frameworks  • Improve targeting and impact of resources for sustainable sanitation and drinking water • Support effective decision making by providing detailed information and evidence on sanitation and drinking water • Strengthen mutual accountability of governments and development partners. SANITATION AND WATER FOR ALL

47. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 5. THE PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL TASK FORCES & WORKING GROUPS • Sanitation and Water for All approaches include: • Hosting an annual High Level Meeting of global decision-makers to focus on key water and sanitation issues • Improving mutual accountability for delivery on sector commitments • Improving information on the sector, to assist evidence-based decision-making, with updated information, such as in the annual UN-Water GLAAS Report • Providing additional support to developing countries processes, through technical assistance, better coordination, ideas and where appropriate catalytic support. SANITATION AND WATER FOR ALL

48. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 5. THE PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL TASK FORCES & WORKING GROUPS • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation • France - Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (MAEE) and French Development Agency (AFD) • Germany - Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) • The Netherlands - Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS) • Switzerland - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) • United Kingdom - Department for International Development (DFID) • Center for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) • Centre for Low Cost Water Supply and Sanitation (CREPA) • African Development Bank (AfDB) • African Civil Society Network on Water and Sanitation (ANEW) • End Water Poverty (an umbrella for 150 NGOS) • Freshwater Action Network South Asia (FANSA) • Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology (IFS-UTS) • IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre • International WaterCentre (IWC) • SKAT Foundation • Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) • Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) • Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) • Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) • The Water Institute at UNC • African Water Association (AfWA) • AquaFed • Arab Water Council (AWC) • CARE • International Water Association (IWA) • Population Services International (PSI) • United Cities and Local Governments of Africa • WaterAid SANITATION AND WATER FOR ALL

49. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 5. THE PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL TASK FORCES & WORKING GROUPS • The WATER INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY TASK FORCE is a World Bank initiative undertaken because, despite the enormous amount the WB is lending on Water projects, the situation does not seem to improve in the right direction: • Current water infrastructure in developing countries fails to meet demand for water supply and sanitation services. • In cities, the World Bank traditionally finances WSS network systems that are expensive in both capex and opex. • Innovation is necessary to meet the water supply and sanitation needs of developing countries at a lower cost. • Innovation is not being adapted to the needs of developing countries. • The World Bank has set up a Task Force to accelerate innovation in water services for developing country markets. INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY TASK FORCE

50. THE AFRICAN WATER ASSOCIATION 5. THE PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL TASK FORCES & WORKING GROUPS The Task Force (TF) aims to bring together the leading entrepreneurs and technology providers from within the water sector, water utility associations from developing countries as well as experts from countries that have a successful track record of innovation in the sector. The Objectives of the Task Force are: 1. To accelerate the adoption of breakthrough technologies with the potential to transform how developing countries address their WSS needs. This does not include the development of new technologies but rather adapting existing innovative technology to the circumstances and resource constraints of developing countries. 2. To substantially increase the impact of World Bank investment in the water sector through the use of innovative technology. The number of people impacted by World Bank lending in WSS will be used as a benchmark for success: 35 million by 2013, 40 million by 2015:40 and 70 million by 2020. INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY TASK FORCE