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The Quark-Nova Project: Talk III. TRENDS IN NICKEL & TITANIUM IN DUAL-SHOCK QUARK-NOVAE (ds-QNe). R. Ouyed U. Calgary. CONTENT & Collaborators. SN ejecta. Part A: QNe in isolation (r-process) (a very brief account). Part B:
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The Quark-Nova Project: Talk III TRENDS INNICKEL&TITANIUM IN DUAL-SHOCK QUARK-NOVAE (ds-QNe) R. Ouyed U. Calgary
CONTENT & Collaborators SN ejecta Part A: QNe in isolation (r-process) (a very brief account) Part B: Dual-Shock QNe (ds-QNe) (56Ni & 44Ti) QN ejecta Part C: Predictions (CasA an Atypical case)
JINA-connection Rapid expansion ~0.03 Solar pattern Slow expansion Very efficient at processing A > 130 elements !
Part B:Dual-Shock QNe (ds-QNe) Depletion of 56Ni Formation of 44Ti
SN-Ejecta/TARGET nucleons Heavies Collision between the QN-ejecta & SN-ejecta QN-Ejecta/PROJECTILE tdelay Nomoto et al. Nucl. Phys. A 2006 tdelay = 1 day
Spallation Heavy-ion Collisions nucleons heavies
100 MeV 1 2 3 . . . . 1 GeV 1 2 3 . . . . 10 GeV . . . . . Nucleon @ SNS, about 30 neutrons by hitting 1GeV proton on a heavy nucleus (30 MeV/ejected nucleon roughly) Spallation: n + Ni SN-Ejecta Each free nucleon spallates 102-3 Ni nuclei
6 30 56 56-30=26 26Al, Si, Ph, S, … A30 Spallation Products
6 30 56 56-12=44 44Ti from 56Ni Spallation Fontes et al., Nuc. Phys. A, 71 Raisbeck & Yiuo, PRL, 71 …….. Neutron Energy
Quark-Novae withtdelay~ few days Spallation: n + Ni + + A30
AQN Ni Heavies Asystem= AQN+56 ~ 200 Heavy-ion collisions: AQN + Ni IMF: Intermediate Mass Fragments
A30 < 1 day Ti Ni IMFs < 10 days AQN Heavies OBSERVABLES SN-QN Time Delay Short (< day) 56Ni-poor+44Ti-rich+A30-rich+IMF-rich Intermediate (1 < t < 10) 56Ni-normal+44Ti-poor+A30-poor+IMF-rich Long (> 10 days) 56Ni-rich + AQNHeavies-rich+IMF-poor REGIMES
Entering the dragon’s den … Part C:Predictions (CasA an Atypical case)
Woosley et al. Standard Picture: If 44Ti-rich then 56Ni-rich Issues with Supernovae and Titanium-44/Nickel-56 trends inferred from Cas A Is Cas A..
If true Heavier NS + Rotation ds-QNe Cas A Issues with Supernovae and Titanium-44/Nickel-56 trends inferred from Cas A
Quark-Nova Progenitors Type II b (3% type II) Suggestion: Type IIbs (SN1993J & Cas A) as dsQNe with short tdelay ! No need for companion! dsQN with tdelay < 1day! dsQNe < 10% type II /18
Need Experiments Need Experiments QNe Naturally kinked to Mass-Function (thus toFe-dex) Chemical Evolution Venkatessan, Jaikumar & Ouyed QNe Progenitors (25 < M/Msun <60) [QNe rate 1/10 SNe] QNe Progenitors Short (< day) 56Ni-poor+44Ti-rich+A30-rich+IMF-rich Cas A: Predictions
Need Experiments Need Experiments Thank you! quarknova.ucalgary.ca The Quark-Nova Project Short (< day) 56Ni-poor+44Ti-rich+A30-rich+IMF-rich
Need Experiments Need Experiments Normal Visual Magnitude + High-v SN Short (< day) 56Ni-poor+44Ti-rich+A30-rich+IMF-rich Cas A: Predictions /18