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SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CYCLE (Jim Nelson)

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CYCLE (Jim Nelson). Data How to get it? What do with it?. Hypothesis —suggested by the theory and data. Theory/model —built on the data. Inductive Reasoning. Deductive Reasoning. Where do you jump into the cycle?. The answer depends on the nature of the research.

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SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CYCLE (Jim Nelson)

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  1. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CYCLE (Jim Nelson) Data How to get it? What do with it? Hypothesis —suggested by the theory and data Theory/model —built on the data Inductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning Where do you jump into the cycle? The answer depends on the nature of the research Fuller Graduate School of Intercultural Studies

  2. INDUCTIVE REASONING (Leedy, p.33) • Begin with the data • Asking what does this mean • Build or adopt and modify a theory (good idea) or model • Comes from a specific context • Inductive reasoning • A reasoning process of drawing conclusions from facts or circumstances. Reaching generalizable conclusions—often qualitative research to derive meaning from within a context Fuller Graduate School of Intercultural Studies

  3. RESEARCH CYCLE (cont.) • Inductive Reasoning Recognizes . . . • The meaning of data in context = Validity(what’s going on here? A search for truth) • Focus is on understanding the perspective in a particular context • Effective Methods: Participant observation, interviews, focus groups = case studies --Context dependent Fuller Graduate School of Intercultural Studies

  4. DEDUCTIVE REASONING (Leedy,9. 32) • State an hypothesis and test it • Does this work? • Can I predict or anticipate certain things as a result of what I know • Knowing x and y, can I predict z? • Hypothesis represents a viewpoint and you are controlling the data • A process of logical reasoning from stated propositions. Hypothesis testing—often quantitative research, based on numbers Fuller Graduate School of Intercultural Studies

  5. RESEARCH CYCLE (cont.) • Deductive Reasoning Requires • Quantification and measurement = Reliability (consistency). • Focus is on prediction and control • Effective Methods: survey, random sampling, means to verify hypothesis = quantification --Researcher dependent Fuller Graduate School of Intercultural Studies

  6. USING A MIX OF METHODS FOR DATA AND ANALYSIS DATA On site research for validity (Participant Observation—collect data; Grounded theory—analyze data) Meaning of #s and trends (Questionnaires –collect; Computer/ cognitive programs—analyze) ANALYSIS What/how #s support the data (Interviews that give you specific data; Content—analysis How #s apply for reliability (Survey—collect; Statistics— analysis) Fuller Graduate School of Intercultural Studies

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