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Chapter 6 Sexual Arousal and Response

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Chapter 6 Sexual Arousal and Response

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    1. Chapter 6 Sexual Arousal and Response

    2. The Brain and Sexual Arousal Cerebral cortex (mental events) Reasoning, language, and imagination Limbic system and sexual behavior Hypothalamus Neurotransmitters Dopamine facilitates sexual arousal Serotonin inhibits sexual arousal

    3. The Limbic System and Sexual Behavior Caption: The limbic system, a region of the brain associated with emotion and motivation, is important in human sexual function. Key structures, shaded in color, include the cingulate gyrus, portions of the hypothalamus, amygdala, and the hippocampus. Caption: The limbic system, a region of the brain associated with emotion and motivation, is important in human sexual function. Key structures, shaded in color, include the cingulate gyrus, portions of the hypothalamus, amygdala, and the hippocampus.

    4. The Senses and Sexual Arousal All sensory systems can contribute to arousal Touch is the dominant “sexual sense” Primary erogenous zones Secondary erogenous zones Vision usually next in dominance Visual stimuli Men self-report higher arousal than women Women and men have similar physiological responses It has been said that women enjoy hugging and touching more than genital sex, whereas men have little interest in the “preliminaries,” preferring to “get down to the real thing.” Do you believe this statement reflects a genuine difference between the sexes? If so, is it learned or biologically determined?It has been said that women enjoy hugging and touching more than genital sex, whereas men have little interest in the “preliminaries,” preferring to “get down to the real thing.” Do you believe this statement reflects a genuine difference between the sexes? If so, is it learned or biologically determined?

    5. Other Senses and Sexual Arousal Smell may arouse or offend Pheromones Taste plays a minor role Hearing plays a variable role

    6. Aphrodisiacs Substances believed to arouse sexual desire or increase capacity for sexual activity Foods Drugs and alcohol No clear evidence of genuine aphrodisiac qualities Role of expectations Assume that research eventually reveals that yohimbine or some other substance has genuine aphrodisiac qualities. What possible benefits might be associated with its use? What possible abuses might arise? Would you consider using an aphrodisiac? If so, under what conditions?Assume that research eventually reveals that yohimbine or some other substance has genuine aphrodisiac qualities. What possible benefits might be associated with its use? What possible abuses might arise? Would you consider using an aphrodisiac? If so, under what conditions?

    7. Anaphrodisiacs Inhibits sexual behavior Drugs (e.g. opiates, tranquilizers) Antihypertensives, antidepressants & antipsychotics Birth control pills Nicotine Constricts blood flow Possibly reduces circulating testosterone

    8. The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior Steroid hormones Androgens (including testosterone) Produced by testes, adrenal glands, and ovaries Estrogens Produced by ovaries and testes Women and men produce both types Neuropeptide hormones Oxytocin

    9. Sex Hormones in Male Sexual Behavior Testosterone Linked to sexual desire and genital sensitivity Castration leads to reduced sexual desire Antiandrogen drugs Hypogonadism

    10. Sex Hormones in Female Sexual Behavior Estrogens Overall link between estrogen and female sexual behavior is unclear Estrogen Therapy (ET) Testosterone Role as major libido hormone in females

    11. How Much Testosterone Is Necessary? Two forms of testosterone (free and bound) Free testosterone linked to libido Although women have less free testosterone, their cells are more sensitive to it than men’s Too much testosterone is linked to adverse effects Testosterone levels decrease with age Fairly rapid decrease for women at menopause; more gradual decline for men Testosterone Replacement Therapy

    12. Oxytocin and Sexual Behavior Secreted during cuddling and physical intimacy Increased skin sensitivity High levels associated with orgasmic release for women and men For women, stimulates contractions of uterine wall during orgasm

    13. Sexual Response Caption: Kaplan’s three-stage model of the sexual response cycle. This model is distinguished by its identification of desire as a prelude to sexual response. Source: Kaplan 1979. Caption: Kaplan’s three-stage model of the sexual response cycle. This model is distinguished by its identification of desire as a prelude to sexual response. Source: Kaplan 1979.

    14. Sexual Response Master’s and Johnson’s Four Phases Excitement Plateau Orgasm Resolution

    15. Sexual Response Master’s and Johnson’s Four Phase Model Phases of physiological responses Two basic physiological processes Vasocongestion Myotonia

    16. Sexual Response Cycle

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