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Improving the Nutritional Value of Our Nation’s School Meal

Improving the Nutritional Value of Our Nation’s School Meal. Presentation by: Oyedotun Oyewole MPH Student Walden University Minneapolis, MN. April 2011. Stakeholders. Parents Students Teachers School board. Objectives. Overview of nutrition What is the overarching problem?

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Improving the Nutritional Value of Our Nation’s School Meal

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  1. Improving the Nutritional Value of Our Nation’s School Meal Presentation by: Oyedotun Oyewole MPH Student Walden University Minneapolis, MN. April 2011.

  2. Stakeholders • Parents • Students • Teachers • School board

  3. Objectives • Overview of nutrition • What is the overarching problem? • Why we should be concerned. • Strategies for improvement • State of the Union on school nutrition • Benefits of taking action • Oneness of purpose

  4. Overview of Nutrition • Nutrition is the basis for the survival of any living creature. • What is nutrition? • Nutrition can be good or poor.

  5. What is the Overarching Problem? • School cafeterias do not offer healthy foods • High level of trans fat in food lunches • Vending machines complicate nutritional problems • Schools rely on profits from vending machines’ sales Chang, A. (2004). Schools Across U.S. Target Vending Machines in Obesity Controversy. Organic Consumers Association. Retrieved April 27, 2011 from http://www.organicconsumers.org/school/obesity031904.cfm

  6. Shortcomings of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) • The NSLP was established in 1946 • Goal: to provide school children with free or low cost lunches that are nutritionally balanced • Failures of the NSLP: • Fails to serve low fat, fiber and nutrition rich meals to children • Too much fat, meat, chicken, and cheese • Almost no non-dairy options for students • Only few school districts offer calcium-rich milk United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2011). National School Lunch Program. Retrieved April 27, 2011 from http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/lunch/ Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) (2001). News Release: School Lunches Fail to Make the Grade Says Doctors. Retrieved April 28, 2011 from http://www.pcrm.org/news/health010904.html

  7. Bacon Cheeseburgers Waffle sticks and syrup Canadian bacon and cheese rolls Homemade pigs in a blanket Chicken fried steak and pizza Chili cheese nachos Pretzels with cheese sauce Yeoman, B. (2003). Unhappy Meals. Retrieved April 16, 2011 from http://motherjones.com/politics/2003/01/unhappy-meals Gallagher, S. Pigs in a Blanket Recipe. Retrieved April 16, 2011 from http://kidscooking.about.com/b/2008/08/30/pigs-in-a-blanket-recipe.htm Sample School Meals Across the Nation

  8. Why we should be concerned • Rising trend of obesity among children and adolescents • About 16% of children and adolescents ages 6-19 years are overweight. • >1/3RD of children and > 2/3RD of U.S. adults are overweight • Prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past 30 years • Obesity increases risk for diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, high cholesterol, and arthritis. Dill, K. (2008). Adolescent values and exercise behaviors. Psy.D. dissertation, George Fox University, United States -- Oregon. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from Dissertations & Theses: Full Text.(Publication No. AAT 3332162). Liou, Y., Liou, T., & Chang, L. (2010). Obesity among adolescents: sedentary leisure time and sleeping as determinants. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(6), 1246.  Retrieved April 27, 2010, from ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source. (Document ID: 2025184251). USDA (2011). Dietary Guidelines for American, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2011 from http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dietaryguidelines.htm

  9. Overweight and Obesity • Measured using Body Mass Index (BMI) • BMI: an indicator of body fatness • Definition of Overweight • Definition of Obesity Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011). Overweight and Obesity: Basics About Childhood Obesity. Retrieved April 27th 2011from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html

  10. Strategies for Improvement • Eliminate unhealthy food from school lunches • Enforce the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans • Get rid of junk foods from vending machines • Replace vending machines’ junk foods with healthier foods

  11. State of the Union on School Nutrition • California: First state to ban sales of soft drinks at elementary and junior high schools • New York: illegal to sell candy and soda from vending machines until the last lunch period • Hawaii: Proposes to ban vending machines in schools • Minnesota: Proposes that milk and fruit drinks be sold at lower prices than junk foods • Indiana: Mixed reactions on a bill requiring at least half the [food] choices be healthy • Philadelphia, PA: Halted soda sales in vending machines Chang, A. (2004). Schools Across U.S. Target Vending Machines in Obesity Controversy. Organic Consumers Association. Retrieved April 27, 2011 from http://www.organicconsumers.org/school/obesity031904.cfm

  12. Other interventions to combat nutritional problems in schools • State legislation for trans fat Bans/restrictions • California: CA SB 490 (2007, enacted, Chapter No. 648) • HI SCR 175 (2008, proposed) • Release of the Dietary guidelines for America on Jan 31st 2011 National Conference of State Legislatures (2011) Trans fat and Menu Labeling Legislation (Updated April 2011). Retrieved April 27 from http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=14362 USDA (2011). Dietary Guidelines for American, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2011 from http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dietaryguidelines.htm

  13. Benefits of taking Action • Healthier children and adolescents • Prevent the co-morbidities of obesity • Downward trend of obesity-related depression • Drastically reduce the lifetime medical cost related to obesity’s co morbidities. Bhattacharya, J. & Sood, N. (2010). Health Insurance, Obesity, and its Economic Costs. Stanford University & RAND Corporation. Retrieved July 25, 2010, from www.ers.usda.gov/publications/efan04004/efan04004g.pdf

  14. Oneness of Purpose • Achieving this goal requires every stakeholder’s participation • Parents: Let your voice be heard and take charge of your children’s meals • School boards: Let us put the health of children above financial gains. They are the nation’s future • Students: make better food choices

  15. Conclusion • Good nutrition is the key to good health • Poor nutrition in schools contributes to obesity • Let’s prevent today so we don’t manage disease tomorrow • Steps to take • Everyone should be involved • Let’s get involved and make our voices heard • School children are the future of this nation

  16. References Bhattacharya, J. & Sood, N. (2010). Health Insurance, Obesity, and its Economic Costs. Stanford University & RAND Corporation. Retrieved July 25, 2010, from www.ers.usda.gov/publications/efan04004/efan04004g.pdf Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011). Overweight and Obesity: Basics About Childhood Obesity. Retrieved April 27th 2011from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html Chang, A. (2004). Schools Across U.S. Target Vending Machines in Obesity Controversy. Organic Consumers Association. Retrieved April 27, 2011 from http://www.organicconsumers.org/school/obesity031904.cfm Dill, K. (2008). Adolescent values and exercise behaviors. Psy.D. dissertation, George Fox University, United States -- Oregon. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from Dissertations & Theses: Full Text.(Publication No. AAT 3332162).

  17. References Gallagher, S. Pigs in a Blanket Recipe. Retrieved April 16, 2011 from http://kidscooking.about.com/b/2008/08/30/pigs-in-a-blanket-recipe.htm Liou, Y., Liou, T., & Chang, L. (2010). Obesity among adolescents: sedentary leisure time and sleeping as determinants. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(6), 1246.  Retrieved April 27, 2010, from ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source. (Document ID: 2025184251). National Conference of State Legislatures (2011) Trans fat and Menu Labeling Legislation (Updated April 2011). Retrieved April 27 from http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=14362

  18. References Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) (2001). News Release: School Lunches Fail to Make the Grade Says Doctors. Retrieved April 28, 2011 from http://www.pcrm.org/news/health010904.html United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2011). National School Lunch Program. Retrieved April 27, 2011 from http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/lunch/ USDA (2011). Dietary Guidelines for American, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2011 from http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dietaryguidelines.htm Yeoman, B. (2003). Unhappy Meals. Retrieved April 16, 2011 from http://motherjones.com/politics/2003/01/unhappy-meals

  19. Image References • Vending Machine Reviews (2011). Retrieved April 27, 2011 from http://vendingmachinereviews.co.uk/ • Jeff (2010). Is the School Cafeteria Worse Than a Fast Food Restaurant? Retrieved April 28, 2011 from http://tomatotalk.earthfare.com/2010/03/23/is-the-school-cafeteria-worse-than-a-fast-food-restaurant/ • Easy School Cafeteria Lunch. Retrieved April 28, 2011 from http://www.ifood.tv/network/easy_school_cafeteria_lunch • El Civics for ESL Students. Retrieved April 28, 2011 from http://www.elcivics.com/lifeskills/healthy-food-1.html

  20. Sources for Further Reading • Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine by Anthony S. Fauci, Eugene Braunwald, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo - McGraw-Hill Medical (2008) - Hardback - 2754 pages - ISBN 0071466339 • National Institutes of Health (NIH) • Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/workshops/child-obesity/index.htm • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence • Management of Obesity and overweight (evidence briefing): http://www.nice.org.uk/ • Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene • Burden of Obesity in Maryland: http://www.dhmh.state.md.us/

  21. Thank you

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