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Measures of Working Memory

Measures of Working Memory. Memory.

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Measures of Working Memory

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  1. Measures of Working Memory

  2. Memory The term memory is typically used to describe our ability to accurately recount experiences which occurred to us in the past. Animals, however, cannot recount their memories no matter how vivid and accurate they may experience them. To study memory in animals the experimenter must look for evidence that the current behavior can be predicted by earlier experiences provided to them.

  3. Working Memory Memories that are useful for a short period of time, and are then forgotten because they are no longer useful are referred to as working memory or short-term memory. Evidence of working memory in animals and humans can be obtained if current behavior can be predicted by exposure to an event in the very recent past (e.g., seconds to a few minutes). The delayed matching to sample task is such a procedure. The demonstration that follows shows the procedure as it would be done with birds.. Study it carefully and then describe the procedure in a well-written paragraph.

  4. First, the animals are trained on a Matching-to-Sample procedure. Two example Trials Follow

  5. Matching to Sample Trial 1 Pecking is not Reinforced Pecking is Reinforced Bird Pecks

  6. Matching to Sample Trial 2 Pecking is Reinforced Pecking is not Reinforced Bird Pecks

  7. Next, they are switched to a delayed matching-to-sample procedure. Two example Trials follow.

  8. Delayed Matching to Sample Trial 1 Pecking is not Reinforced Pecking is Reinforced Bird Pecks

  9. Delayed Matching to Sample Trial 2 Pecking is Reinforced Pecking is not Reinforced Bird Pecks

  10. Another Test of Working Memory The demonstration that follows shows another related procedure more commonly used to study working memory in monkeys. When given a choice between a familiar object and a novel, unfamiliar object some animals prefer to choose the novel object. This natural behavioral tendency leads to a problem when using a matching to sample task. Do you see the potential problem? Another task that takes advantage of animal’s preference for novel objects is the delayed non-matching to sample task (also known as the oddity discrimination task).

  11. First, the animals are trained on a Non-Matching-to-Sample procedure. Two example Trials Follow

  12. Non Matching to Sample (Oddity Discrimination) Trial 1 Pecking is Reinforced Pecking is not Reinforced Bird Pecks

  13. Non-Matching to Sample (Oddity Discrimination) Trial 2 Pecking is not Reinforced Pecking is Reinforced Bird Pecks

  14. Next, they are switched to a delayed non-matching-to-sample procedure. Two example Trials follow.

  15. Delayed Non-Matching to Sample Trial 1 Pecking is Reinforced Pecking is not Reinforced Bird Pecks

  16. Delayed Non-Matching to Sample Trial 2 Pecking is not Reinforced Pecking is Reinforced Bird Pecks

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