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Distinguishing Between Wild and Domestic Animals: Impact on Responsibilities

Explore the long history of humans' relationship with wolves and dogs, the genetic connections between them, and the differences in their behaviors and capabilities. Understand the ongoing responsibilities towards dogs, whether they are domesticated, stray, or feral.

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Distinguishing Between Wild and Domestic Animals: Impact on Responsibilities

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  1. How to distinguish between wild and domestic animals - effects on resulting responsibilities Kurt Kotrschal Univ.Wien, Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle, Wolfsforschungszentrum www.wolfscience.at

  2. Long commonhistoryofhumanswithwolves/dogs Dog typesemerge in SE Asia~ 15 000 yrsago (Pang et al. 2009) HumansimmigratewiththeirdogsintotheAmericas ~ 20 000 yrsago Wolf-dog split Europe, ~ 25 000 yrsago First contacts: Near East? Homo: Out ofAfrica 85 000 yrsago

  3. Howcome? Wolf domestication? Dogs: companions, strayanimals

  4. Wolvesandhumansarebothhighlycooperativewithintheirgroups in .. .. raisingoffspringtogether .. huntingtogether .. scaring off competitorsandfoe .. wagingcruelwarsagainst „others“ (those „not us“) Humansandwolvesaresimilarbybeingthemostradicallysocialandcooperativeanimals .. .. basically, both form caringwarriorsocieties

  5. Howarewolvesrelatedwithdogsanddogswithotherdogs(Parker et al. 2004)?

  6. Howarewolvesrelatedwithdogs anddogs withotherdogs? genetically wolf-likedogs

  7. Howarewolvesrelatedwithdogsanddogswithotherdogs(Parker et al. 2004)? – four genetic groups Wolf-like molosser all therest herding

  8. Domestication - DOMESTICATION= Geneticandphenotypicchangeofspecies due toliving in a human – dominatedenvironment(human-facilitatedselection, mainlyselectionfortameness, Hare et al. 2012) - First split wolf-dog genome ~ 20 000 – 30 000 yrsago in Europe (Thalmann et al. 2013; Friedman et al. 2014)

  9. Domestication - Dog types in SE Asia ~ 16 000 yrsago(Jung Feng et al. 2009) - Major mutationsfromwolftodogmainlyaffectbraindevelopmentanddigestion(Axelson et al. 2013) - Dogs lesscapablethanwolvestocooperateoverhuntingandraisingoftheiryoung(Cafazzo et al. 2011)

  10. Whatwolvesanddogshave in common (WSC summary; Kotrschal 2012; Range & Viranyi 2011, 2013) - Identicalmeansofcommunicating, but depauperate in dogs - Similarsocialdispositionsandneeds, similarbasiccognitiveskills - Highlycooperative, amongthemselves (wolves) andwithhumans (wolvesanddogs)

  11. Howwolvesanddogsdiffer(WSC summary; Kotrschal 2012; Range & Viranyi 2011, 2013) - Wolvesmoreindependent, less will toplease, sociallymorefinetunedthandogs - Dogs betterthanwolves in copingwith human pressureanddemand, muchmorereliable in executingcommands - Wolvesbyfarbetterproblemsolversthandogs .. dogforebrain 30% smallerthanwolf - Dogs bettermotivatedtocooperatewithhumans, different breedswithspecialskillsmuchbetterexpressedthan in wolves (wolvesgeneralists, dogsspecialists)

  12. Summary - Dogs havethelongesthistoryofdomesticationof all animals - Dogs aregenetically, phenotypicallyandbehaviourallydistinctfromwolves - Dogs maybecomeferal, but neverreachthecompetitivenessandsocialskillsofwolves in huntingandcooperativebreeding

  13. Summary - Dogs are NOT tamewildlife - Hence, by all means (Biology, Wildlife Management, Ethics), humansremainforeverresponsibleforindividualsdogsaswellaspopulations, beit human-associated, strayorferal - Attitudestowardsanimalscorrelatewithattitudestopeople – crueltytoanimalsis ALWAYS an indicatorforsocietalproblems(Milan Kundera)..

  14. Thanks www.wolfscience.at

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