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Sustainable Material Flow Accounting in Japan

Explore Japan's historical experience, material flow accounts, targets for indicators, and transition to a sustainable society focusing on resource productivity and environmental loads. Presented at an international workshop in China.

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Sustainable Material Flow Accounting in Japan

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  1. The Experience of Material Flow Accounts in Japan日本实物流量核算经验 Kenji Someno EMBASSY OF JAPAN, Beijing 日本驻华大使馆 International Workshop on Establishing A Green National Accounting System June 24-25,2004 Zhejiang, China

  2. Outline of the presentation 1. Historical Experience in Japan日本历史经验 2. Material Flow Accounts (MFA) 实物流量帐户 3. Targets for Indicators on MFA实物流量帐户目标 4. Sound Material-Cycle Society良好的物质循环型社会 5. Next Steps下步工作

  3. 1. Historical Experience in Japan日本历史经验 • 1971’s poll about “economic growth”1971年关于经济增长的公众投票 > wealthy for daily life, increasing for business chance > environment pollution, price raising, traffic accident The transition of real GDP and consumer price index (％: ratio for preceding year) consumer price index ( 2000=100) real GDP 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Ministry of the Environment in Japan makes from Cabinet’smaterial(2001).

  4. 1. Historical Experience in Japan日本历史经验 • Durable Goods Coverage in Japan日本耐用商品普及率

  5. 1. Historical Experience in Japan • Generation of Durable Goods Waste耐用商品产生的废物

  6. 1. Historical Experience in Japan • Economic growth & Environmental Pollution经济增长和环境污染 GDP/Person 100,000 Environmental Pollution Stock Price Indicator Singapore 10,000 Republic of Korea Malaysia 300 Bubble Economy GDP/Person Thailand 100 US$ P.R of China 1,000 Stock Price Indicator India International Competition △Tokyo Disny Land Open ＄ 50 100 Recovery △Oil Crisis △Osaka Expo 10 △Tokyo Olympics 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

  7. 1. Historical Experience in Japan • Transition to Sustainable Society向可持续性社会转型 Environment Efficiency Social Utility Use of Nature (Loads on Nature) amt. ～20C 21C～ Linkage between increasing welfare & environmental loads Decoupling increasing welfare from environmental loads Mass Production/ Consumption/Disposal Society Sustainable Society time Ministry of the Environment in Japan makes from EEA(EU Enbironmental Agency)’s material.

  8. 2. Material Flow Accounts • Integrated Environmental & Economic Accounts环境和经济综合帐户 > the necessity for GNP/GDP reflected on loss by environmental loads. > 2 kinds of approach (1) monetary approach (2) material approach

  9. 2. Material Flow Accounts • Monetary approach价值方法 > GNP/GDP － monetary value for environmental pollution, loads on nature, etc环境污染、自然负荷很 难货币化 > difficulty for conversion environmental value to monetary value将环境价值转化为货币价值很难

  10. 2. Material Flow Accounts • Material approach 实物方法 > flow of the material’s weight in economical action > criticism for differentiation and prioritization of the materials to be accounted > the issues of data availability, consistency of national statistics among different countries, problems of international comparisons > realistic measures as a kind of integrated environmental & economic accounts

  11. Natural resources and the like input ［Direct Material Input］ （1,912） Total material input （2,130） (Unit：million tons) Products（70） Net addition to stock（1,107） Imports（788） Resources （718） Exports（132） Energy consumption（420） Domestic resources（1,124） Food consumption（127） Generation of waste and the like （600） Reduction（241） Final disposal （56） Returned to nature (84） Amount of cyclical use [reuse+recycle] （218） 2. Material Flow Accounts实物流量帐户 (prepared by Ministry of the Environment in Japan FY2000)

  12. Natural resources and the like input ［Direct Material Input］ （1,926） Total material input （2,138） (Unit：million tons) Products（64） Net addition to stock（1,124） Imports（756） Resources （692） Exports（123） Energy consumption（404） Domestic resources（1,169） Food consumption（124） Generation of waste and the like （588） Reduction（239） Final disposal （53） Returned to nature (84） Amount of cyclical use [reuse+recycle] （212） 2. Material Flow Accounts实物流量帐户 (prepared by Ministry of the Environment in Japan FY200１)

  13. GDP Resource Productivity = Direct Material Input (Input of natural resources & the like) 3. Targets for Indicators on MFA实物流量帐户目标确定 390,000 yen per ton:FY2010 (40% improvement from FY2000)

  14. 3. Targets for Indicators on MFA实物流量帐户目标确定 Changing the pattern of consumption and investment（transition to less material-intensive demands） Reduction of dependence on imports To increase the use of recycled materials out of total input of resources To reduce direct & indirect material required by the production of each commodity （by technology improvement） DMI:Direct Material Input R: Amount of recycled materials

  15. Amount of cyclical use (reuse + recycling) = Amount of cyclical use + DMI 4. Targets for Indicatorson MFA实物流量帐户目标确定 Cyclical Use Rate 14%:FY2010 (40% improvement from FY2000)

  16. 3. Targets for Indicators on MFA实物流量帐户目标确定 Final Disposal Amount = Final disposal amount of waste (landfill) 28 million tons:FY2010 （50% reduction from FY2000） Million tons

  17. 4. Sound Material-Cycle Society良性的物质循环型社会 • Concept of “Sound Material-Cycle Society” 1st Reduction Reduce waste, by-products, etc Natural Resources Input Production (Manufacturing, Distribution, etc.) 2nd Reuse Use things repeatedly. Consumption 3rd Material Recycling Recycle things which can’t be reused as raw materials Discarding 4th Thermal Recycling Recover heat from things which have no alternatives but Incineration and which can’t be recycled materially Treatment(Recycling, Incineration, etc.) 5th Proper Disposal Dispose of things which can’t be used by any things Landfill Disposal

  18. Type 209 Type 206 Type 204 64.7 mm 3.9 g 69.8 mm 5.3 g 62.25 mm 3.1 g 65.3mm 12.1g 65.3mm 15.2g 65.3mm 14.7g 4. Sound Material-Cycle Society 良性的物质循环型社会 • Example 1: Reduction : Aluminium Cans (350ml cans) Type 209 Type 206 Type 204 Weight and diameter of the cap Weight and diameter of the body Weight of the body 20.5g 18.6g 15.2g 1975 1987 1994 Weight saving of 26%

  19. 4. Sound Material-Cycle Society良性的物质循环型社会 • Example 2: Reuse : Refilled Products

  20. 4. Sound Material-Cycle Society良性的物质循环型社会 • Example 3: Material Recycling : Electrical Appliance

  21. 5. Next Steps今后打算 • 2000.10 (Paris, France) The Special session on MFA (organised by the WGEIO (Working Group on Environmental Information & Outlooks, OECD )) • 2003.11 (Tokyo, Japan) The International Expert meeting on MFA and resource productivity (organised by the Ministry of the Environment in Japan)

  22. 5. Next Steps下步打算 • 2004.4 The OECD Council Recommendation on Material Flows & Resource Productivity > on the scope and level of ambition of further joint work on material flows and related measurement tools, including accounts and indicators, in the OECD > on next steps and expected outputs in 2005 and 2006. (proposed by Japan)

  23. 5. Next Steps下步打算 • 2004.6.17-18 (Helsinki, Finland) WGEIO workshop > Definition of scope and orientations of joint work within the OECD on material flows and related indicators • 2004.10.13-15 (Paris, France) 35th WGEIO meeting ~ to be continued

  24. 5. Next Steps下步打算 • 2004.6.8-10 (Sea Island, U.S.A) Sea Island Summit 2004 (G8 Summit) > CHAIR'S SUMMARY “ Sustainable development requires international cooperation and action on improving our environment. We endorsed the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle ("3 R's") Initiative. ” (proposed by Japan)

  25. 5. Next Steps下步打算 • 2004.6 G8 Summit 3R Action Plan & Progress on Implementation > Ministrial Conference in spring 2005 hosted by the Government of Japan. > Helped to create a new OECD material flows and resource productivity work plan.

  26. 谢谢! Kenji.Someno@mofa.go.jp http://www.mofa.go.jp/ http://www.env.go.jp/

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