“ Urja Wahini ” towards a Focus on Green Power Technologies

1. “UrjaWahini” towards a Focus on Green Power Technologies Presented By: Dr. V. K. Sethi Director-UIT, Rector RGPV State Tech Univ of MP & Head, Energy Deptt

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3. The Major Contradictory ChallengesFaced by Developing world • Quest for increased Generation capacity - Terawatt Challenge • Climate Change - rising GHG level • Continued focus on coal based generation

4. Government of India’s National Missions • National Solar Mission 2009 • National Renewable Energy Mission “A target of 10% of Renewable Energy by 2012” • National Mission on Combating Climate Change through Green & Clean Power • National Bio-diesel Mission • National Mission of Hydro Potential Exploitation • National Mission on ‘Clean Coal Technologies’ for Mega Power Generation

5. CLIMATE CHANGE CAUSED BY INCREASED GHG EMISSION • Green House Gas level rise to a current level of 390 ppm and consequent climate change, floods and draughts has affected 260 million people between 2000 and 2004 through natural calamities, of these, 98% were in developing nations. • Developed countries with population of 15% of world population have the share of CO2 emissions at 50%. • CO2 level has risen to 390 ppm from 1975 level of 330 ppm. • There is so much momentum in the system that we will certainly double CO2 level by end of the century. • Global temperature rise by 3 to 4 0C will cause displacement of over 330 million people in developing world.

6. China and India are projected to account for 30% of the world’s increase in energy consumption between 2000-2020 and 92% of increase in coal use. • World Green House inventory is over 29,000 Million tones per annum (MTPA) with US over 20% (India with total emission of about 1400 MTPA is only at 4.8 %.) • Coal is going to remain main stay for power generation in at least next Three decades for India (87,093 MW Coal based generation out of 1,63,669 MW total power installed capacity)

7. Green House inventory for India for Energy Sector (Million Tonnes of CO2) Source: IAE: 1999

11. Can we address the following issues by roping in renewables? GDP growth must be sustained and lack of energy availability should not pull it down. Exchange crisis should not recur due to bulging Oil import bills Climate change is a concern and countries with low per capita income are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change The answer seems to be ….yes. 1/2/2020 1/2/2020 11 11

12. National Solar Mission- Proposed Road Map 1/2/2020 12

13. The National Solar Mission The National Solar Mission is a major initiative of the Government of India and State Government to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s energy security challenge. It will also constitute a major contribution by India to the Global efforts to meet the challenges ofClimate Change

14. FRONTALS IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT • GREEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES – PRIMARILY THE CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES • ZERO EMISSION TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORT, POWER PLANTS & INDUSTRIAL SECTOR • AFFORDABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES • ENERGY EFFICIENCY • CDM OPPORTUNITIES IN ENERGY SECTOR

15. Mission Energy Security and Energy independence • Climate Change – Nature’s Fury • Solar for irrigation • High Efficiency CNT Based PV Cells • Hydrogen as Fuel for future • Accelerated Program on Thorium based Nuclear Reactor • Clean coal Technologies like SCR, IGCC • Bio-fuels for Railways and Mass Transport • Energy Security by 2020, Energy Independence by2030 ….Reference: Address by President of India 14th Aug 2005

18. Prime Clean Coal Technology Options for India for 11th & 12th Plans • Supercritical Power Plants • Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Power Plants • Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) Power Plants

20. Green Energy solutions Promote CCT in countries like India & China where coal is main stay fuel for Power Generation. Increased use of Advanced Fossil Fuel Technology Energy Farming Energy Efficiency Major shift towards Green Technologies Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies in Rural Sector

21. Impact Green Projects at RGTU • CO2 Capture, Sequestration and Production of Multi-purpose fuels – Hydrogen, Methane and Biodiesel through Algae route • Production of CNG from Coal–gasification route • Solar, Wind & Biomass Hybrid System • 60 kW Solar-Wind Hybrid system at Hill top of RGTU • High yield Jatropha plantation and Bio-diesel production using indigenously designed Bio-diesel reactors

22. CO2 Capture & Sequestration Project An Impact Project of DST at RGPV Bhopal MODELING & SIMULATION OF CARBON RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY THROUGH CONVERSION OF CO2 INTO USEFUL MULTIPURPOSE FUEL

23. Broad area of Research: • CO2 SEQUESTRATION (Under the National Program on Carbon Sequestration – NPCS of DST) • Sub Area – Project Title: Modeling & Simulation ofCarbon Recycling Technology Through Conversion of CO2 Into Multipurpose Fuels. • Objectives of the Proposal: • 1.To establish a pilot plant for CO2 sequestration and conversion in to multipurpose fuel. • 2. To develop Zero Emission Technology Projects and recycle Carbon-di-oxide to add value to clean energy projects by adopting two pathways: • Sequester CO2 and convert the same into fuel molecules. • Use CO2 to grow micro algae to produce Bio-diesel and Methane Gas. 3. To develop mathematical & chemical models for CO2 sequestration, Hydro Gasifier, Catalytic conversion & Algae pond systems.

24. The following four systems have been incorporated: • 1.CO2 Capture & sequestration system – Indigenous Development • 2. Catalytic Flash Reduction of CO2 using charcoal from gasifier /lignite. Production of Hydrogen from CO • 3.Production of Methane using Catalytic Conversion process • 4. Production of Algae from CO2 Sequestration with Solar flux.

25. CO2 Sequestration Pilot Plant installed under the DST Project

26. Methodology Description of the Pilot Plant:- Rated Capacity of the Capture of CO2 : 500 kg/ day Source of CO2: Boiler of capacity 100kg/hr. steam & Biomass Gasifier of 10kWe Solvent used for capture of CO2 : Mono Ethanol Amine (MEA) SOx & NOx Removal: Na H CO3, NaOH & Lime. Catalytic Converters / Reduction Unit - For Methane.... Input CO and H2, Catalyst “R - 01 * - For Hydrogen.... Input CO and Steam, Catalyst “R - 02 * - For CO ... Input CO2 and Lignite /charcoals

27. Scheme Diagram of CO2 Capture PilotPlant

28. Innovations: • Capture of CO2 from Biomass and a Boiler on • Pilot Scale and achieving capture efficiency of • the order of 78% • Production of CO in stable form and Water Gas • shift reaction to produce fuel molecules like H2 • Catalyst development to produce Methane from • the captured CO2 • Enhancing productivity of selected Micro-Algae • for production of Bio- diesel • Plant Cost optimization through in-house • designing and erection work

29. THE ROAD MAP • Government of India has declared its policy on CO2 abatement by the announcement and adoption of the ‘National Action Plan on Climate Change’. • It has also made voluntary commitment at the Copenhagen Summit that the Country shall decrease its Carbon Intensity by 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2050. • The bulk of CO2 is emitted by the Thermal Plants in the Power Sector. For EPA regulations to be implemented there have to be a road map as to how this can be done without major impact on the cost or efficiency of the Thermal Plants

30. Solution lies in… • The thermal plants in India have a thermal efficiency of 35% and an emission ratio of 0.90Kg/kWh of CO2 emissions as published by CEA. The reduction of 20% intensity would translate to a decrease of 0.20Kg/kWh of CO2 emissions i.e. below 0.70Kg/kWh CO2 emissions by 2020. • This decrease is possible by a combination of abatement and recycling measures. The CO2 reduction by an Amine system of 30% CO2 capture would mean a decrease of Thermal Efficiency by 2%

31. Application Potential: • Long Term • Deployment of the Technology to Actual Power Plants of NTPC • through BHEL / TOSHIBA or any other major player • Immediate • Green Energy Technology Centre (GETC) being set-up for Teaching • & Research (M. Tech & PhD) • Future action plan: • Efforts are underway to extend the scope of the process by incorporation a Coal gasifier and recycling of carbon through collaborative research and Distributive Research Initiatives (DRI) with Research Organizations and Power Industries.

32. Carbon Capture & Sequestration • India’s position with regard to Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) is very clear. We don’t make any commitment at this stage regarding deployment of CCS technologies. India advocates very strongly the Carbon Capture & Sequestration. • Some of the demo pilot projects include. • -Pilot project on Geological CO2 sequestration in basalt rock formation. The question of adoption of CCS will depend on this technology being cost effective. • -Projects under DST sponsored National Program on Carbon Sequestration (NPCS)

33. CO2 mitigation Options: Case of Electricity Sector • Coal: Dominates the electricity sector today • Fuel switching (Coal NG) • Conventional Plants + Carbon Capture & Sequestration (CCS) (Post –Combustion CO2 Capture) • Gasification/ Reforming + CCS (Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture) • Oxyfuel Combustion + CCS

36. Coal CO Converter CO First full by-pass CO2, then to recycling Scale of carbon capture 30% CO2 H2 Converter H2 CO2 Capture Algae Plant Turbine Generator Bio-Fuel Electricity Storage/EOR Catalyst Dev. Modification to turbine cycle Storage or EOR Condensate N2 , CO2, O2 , H2O, Steam FGD N2 , O2 , H2O Implementation strategy: Algae plant from beginning Coal Boiler Flue Gas Treatment Air Recycled Fuel Stack Flue Gas Addition of gas treatment facility required, depending on present application Work on burner By OEM Plant engineers construction or modification RGTU specifies requirements – Industry partner Engineers’ construction or modification Demo Project –Strategy Plan • Retrofit of existing 500MW coal fired thermal power plant in India. • Demo with Post Combustion Capture and CO2 Usage

37. $ per tonne CO2 avoided $ per tonne CO2 avoided 200 150 100 50 0 CO2 Capture/Sequestration $ per tonne CO2 avoided 0 500 1000 1500 2000 200 150 100 50 0 Nuclear 0 500 1000 1500 2000 200 150 100 50 0 Renewable 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Million tones CO2 Figure: Comparison of CO2 capture & Sequestration Technologies with other leading mid-to long-term option

38. Issues before us • Promotion of Clean Coal Technologies • Technology break thoughts in the areas like CO2 capture and Clean Coal Technologies • Development of low cost solar photo voltaic cells • Bringing Energy Efficiency & Energy Conservation on the top of the National Agenda • Promotion of Carbon Trading on the strength of Energy Efficiency and Green Environment initiatives. • Base line methodologies for variety of Clean and Green Technologies need to be redefined.

42. Thanks