Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Tesla Coil Show sparks Cosmos students

1. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Tesla Coil Show sparks Cosmos students

2. Introductions… UCSC Physics & Institute for Particle Physics Prof. Terry Schalk Stuart Briber HST James Dann HST SCIPP hs interns

3. Tesla Program • Introduction & Jacob's Ladder • What physicists do… • Santa Cruz Outreach activities • Safety First • Corona: • Zorro’s Sword • Lights without Cords • How the Tesla Coil Works • Knight in Armor • Bolt to the face • Fighting Lightning • Facts about Lightning • Mystery Knight in Armor • Sparks from the feet

4. Galaxy DNA Cell Atom Nucleus Electron microscope Accelerator The size of the object and its distance tells me what kind of instrument I need to see it. Larger & Farther away Smaller & Harder to see Logarithmic Scale: every inch = factor 10 A Physicist’s View of the Universe

5. Nucleus of an Atom

6. Galaxy DNA Cell Atom Nucleus Electron microscope Accelerator The size of the object and its distance tells me what kind of instrument I need to see it. Larger & Farther away Smaller & Harder to see Logarithmic Scale: every inch = factor 10 A Physicist’s View of the Universe

7. SUPERNOVAE!!!! You are here! Your Cosmic History(an astronomer’s perspective) You! Protein molecules: Basic building blocks of life Earth and Sun: Home of the C,N,O atoms from which these protein molecules were assimilated Sun’s ancestral stars: Their nuclear fusion reactions produced these C,N,O atoms Galaxy: Large family of stars

8. The Milky Way Galaxy and its Cousins Milky Way

9. SLAC AstroPhysics Large objects in the sky Black holes, Supernovae Visit us. Teaching, Research, Outreach Particle Physics: Quarks, Gluons

10. Teaching, Research, Outreach SCIPP OUTREACH: Tesla Tesla Coil at your School: “Zap your Teacher” Quarknet Invite H.S. teachers into our labs for Summer research program Invite H.S. student interns into our labs for a science experience BalloonFest Organize a High School Science meet on Ballooning

11. UC Santa Cruz Course Clusters 1. Logic & Linear Algebra* 2. Engineering the Future* 3. Under the Sea* 4. Everyday Chemistry* 5. The Design of Fun* 6. Chemistry & Mathematics* 7. Stars & Cells 8. Marine Mammals 9. Particle- & Astrophysics

12. June 24-July 28, 2007 Quarknet Summer Program: H.S. teachers and student interns do research

13. High School Student Internship During the Summer of 2006, Six High School interns worked at SCIPP on: Designing and Building a Balloon Deployable Detector Electronics Building Scintillator Panels Testing Scintillator Panels Muon Lifetime Experiments Xilinx FPGA Programming Website Design

14. Balloonfest in Paso Robles and Vacaville: 15 teams of 80 high school students Launch balloons, gather & analyze data.

16. SAFETY FIRST! • Normally you can't see, hear or smell electricity, but the Tesla Coil generates 1 million volts, causing • Bright sparks • Loud crackling noise • The air smell strange (Ozone) 1 Million Volts! DANGER SAFETY RULES • Stay at least 20 ft. away • Computers, Gameboys, CD players, telephones to the back of the room – unplugged, switched off! • Hearing aids off, pacemakers out of room! BRACE YOURSELF!

17. Zorro Drawing lightning with a sword

18. Sparks fly to sword Some electric current also goes through the air and lights up fluorescent bulbs Where else does that happen? Electric current goes back through wire

19. 120 volt Outlet 14,000 volt Transformer 1 million volt Resonance circuit Summary of Tesla coil operation: Voltage starts at 120 ends up at 1 million!

20. T primary transformer S C P2 S2 secondary transformer UCSC EE 70

21. Physics Principle: Transformer Electrical Power is converted wind, water, thermal power It is brought to your city on high voltage lines to transformers Power goes in at 14000 Volts Power comes out At 120 Volts

22. Transformation of Power The SLAC linear accelerator creates 90 Billion Volts, as much as 90,000 Tesla coils! We use that power to make new particles for scientific research

23. GLAST Transformation of Power Electrical power is converted everywhere At home: Iron, Micro wave, Heater, Radio Space hosts incredible Power sources Black holes explode : Matter -> Light, x-rays, “jets” GLAST Mission (SCIPP+SLAC): investigate the most powerful “power plants” in the universe

24. Posted on Tue, May. 17, 2005 Students uninjured after power line falls on car By Sandra Gonzales Mercury News Four San Jose State University students escaped injury Monday night after being trapped in their car after a power line fell on it near the university. At about 8 p.m., the four were traveling in the car on South Sixth Street near East William Street when a tree fell, blocking the street and knocking down power lines, fire officials said. The lines struck a chain-link fence, a parked Honda Accord and a Chevrolet van, and one landed on the moving car. As the scene unfolded, a San Jose fire engine that happened to be nearby responded, warning the occupants of the Toyota Corolla to stay inside until PG&E could shut off the power to the line. The car's occupants were safe while they were inside the car, but could have been electrocuted if they attempted to get out before the power was cut. Once the power was shut off, the students safely left their car unharmed. The downed power lines, however, sparked a small fire on a nearby tree that was quickly extinguished.

25. Meet the Fighting Knight Fighting Lightning Bolt to the Head

26. History was not kind to N. Tesla: Engineering Battle Royal of the 20th Century: Thomas “DC” Edison and his Batteries vs. Edison won the first rounds, but Tesla carried the day Nikola “AC” Tesla and his Generators • Tesla Revival • 271 web sites are dedicated to Nikola Tesla • Join the “Tesla Coil Web Ring” http://nav.webring.yahoo.com/hub?ring=teslaring&list

27. Nikola Tesla as a Daredevil in a double-exposure photograph Learn more at http://nav.webring.yahoo.com/hub?ring=teslaring&list

28. Electricity in Air Lightning Jacob’s Ladder Corona Tesla Sparks are all related. Principle: Air is made of molecules. When they are ionized, they become charged and can conduct a current like an electrical wire. If there is a large current, it heats up the air and makes light. Thus, the sparks, flames etc are direct evidence for the model of atoms!

29. What’s Going On? The Story of an Atom in the Air ELECTRON FROM TESLA COIL PHOTON An electron shooting out of the tesla coil hits lots of atom and knocks one of their electrons to a higher energy state. When the electron falls back down, it emits energy in the form of a photon, which travels to our eyes and we can see as light.

30. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – – – – – – + + + + + The Faraday Cage Are you safe in an airplane or a car during a lightning storm? Is it safe for the knight to be hit by the lightning bolt? Yes! Electric current flows invisibly through the outside of the metal shell (Faraday Cage), not touching the people inside.

31. + – + – + + + + – – + + + – – + + + – + + – + – – + + + + + + – – – – + – + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + How lightning works + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + – – – – – – COSMIC RAYS!! Cover the earth And always have – – – – – – In the turbulent clouds, charges get separated – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – The ionized air can conduct the electrical current

32. Mystery Knight Who is afraid of Lightning? Not the Mystery Knight! Even if he is NOT grounded

33. Is the Mystery Knight OK? Let’s check! The armored suit is safe! • It's a Faraday Cage – no electric field allowed inside. Invisible current 1 Million Volts Electrical current flows on the OUTSIDE of a metal! Visible sparks Visible sparks Ground

34. Say “Good bye” to Daniel Greenhouse, the brain behind the sparks He was an undergraduate at UC Santa Cruz. http://scipp.ucsc.edu

35. Fysiks is Phun! Thanks to COSMOS for inviting us! Questions? Ask after the show, e-mail, visit… You can find our coordinates on the web http://scipp.ucsc.edu