The Development of Monotheism (Judaism/Zoroastrianism)

1. The Development of Monotheism (Judaism/Zoroastrianism)

2. Abraham: • Shepherd from Ur • God – Yahweh -commanded to move his people to Canaan • Father of Hebrew people • Makes convenant with God • Moses & the Exodus • Moses led Hebrews out of slavery and out of Egypt • Passover • Sinai Peninsula – 10 Commandments/New Covenant • Canaan -12 tribes • Judah: • High taxes/building projects caused discontent • Northern part of kingdom revolts • Israel in the North; Judah in the South 1300-1200BC 722BC 1800BC 1650BC 1020-922BC • Kingdom of Israel • Hebrew tribes united as Kingdom of Israel under Kings Saul, David and Soloman • 100 yrs of power and independence • Solomon builds great temple at Jerusalem to glorify God • Israel Falls to Assyria: • Judah resisted for another 150 before being destroyed by Babylonians • Descendants of Abraham move to Egypt • Drought and threat of famine cause need to move The Development of Judaism (1st Monotheistic Religion)

3. Judaism: • Considered the first monotheistic religion • Hebrews/Israelites/Jews – followers of Judaism • We will study Judaism more when we compare it to Christianity and Islam • Babylonian Captivity: • Babylonians attack Jerusalem and destroy temple • Survivors (Hebrews) exiled to Babylon for about 50 years (kept their religion) • Walls of Jerusalem • Temple completed in 515BC • Walls of Jerusalem rebuilt in 445BC 445BC 586BC 539BC • Cyrus the Great • Persian King conquered Babylon • Allowed 40,000 exiles to return to Jerusalem to rebuild temple • Many stayed in Babylonia • Zoroastrianism • Who was Zoroaster and what were his teachings? • How were they related to Judaism? The Development of Judaism (1st Monotheistic Religion)

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7. Passover • According to the Old Testament, the Lord told Moses to ask Pharaoh to let the Hebrews go free. Pharaoh refused, so after nine other curses visited the Egyptians, the Lord invoked the tenth curse: He would kill the first-born child in each Egyptian family. The Hebrews were to mark their doors with blood so the Lord would pass over their doors and not kill their first-born children. The Hebrews were also to eat unleavened bread, roast lamb, and bitter herbs on that night. After this catastrophe struck the Egyptians, Pharaoh allowed the Hebrews to leave Egypt. This was the beginning of the observance of Passover, which continues to this day. Back to Timeline

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12. Babylonian Captivity Back to Timeline

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15. Zoroastrianism – Monotheism • Zoroaster – Persian prophet who lived around 600BC • Taught earth is a battleground where a great struggle is fought between the spirit of good/evil • Believed in one god – Ahura Mazda • Mazda will judge everyone according to how well they fought the battle of good/evil • Similarities to Judaism? • Monotheistic • Concept of Satan/angels