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2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Cyclic Process. DefinitionA thermodynamic process in which a system returns to the same conditions under which it startedTurn Idea into an Equation:?U =0 ?Q = WQin-Qout = W. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. No cyclic process that converts heat entirely into work is possibleNo machine is 100%

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2nd Law of Thermodynamics

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    1. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

    2. Cyclic Process Definition A thermodynamic process in which a system returns to the same conditions under which it started Turn Idea into an Equation: ?U =0 ?Q = W Qin-Qout = W

    3. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics No cyclic process that converts heat entirely into work is possible No machine is 100% efficient!! ENTROPY

    4. Efficiency of heat engines ?Q = Qin – Qout 2nd Law: W can never equal Qin Eff = W/Qin = (Qin-Qout)/ Qin = 1 – Qout/Qin

    5. Example 1 Find the efficiency of a gasoline engine that, during one cycle, receives 204 J of energy from combustion and loses 153 J as heat to the exhaust.

    6. Entropy Definition A measure of a system’s disorder Equation: W = Qin Qout > 0 Some energy must always be transferred as heat to the system’s surroundings Maximum disorder is favored Increasing disorder reduces energy available for work Entropy of ENTIRE universe is always increasing

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