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Resolving Surface Currents and Heat Advection with the Global Drifter Array

Resolving Surface Currents and Heat Advection with the Global Drifter Array. Rick Lumpkin. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA Climate Observation Program 3 rd Annual System Review April 25-27, 2005.

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Resolving Surface Currents and Heat Advection with the Global Drifter Array

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  1. Resolving Surface Currents and Heat Advection with the Global Drifter Array Rick Lumpkin Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Climate Observation Program 3rd Annual System Review April 25-27, 2005

  2. 1. What we can resolve

  3. 75% of 1°1°bins! Time-mean currents

  4. Seasonal variations of SST

  5. Differences with satellite SST products

  6. Differences with satellite SST products

  7. Mean heat advection SST gradient (°C per degree) Mean heat advection, upper 30m (W/m2)

  8. Advection of SST anomalies W/m2 Anomalous heat advection, upper 30m (W/m2)

  9. 378 drogued Surface current anomalies

  10. 2. What we aren’t resolving (Drifters alone: any process happening in data gaps)

  11. Eddy fluxes and anomalous advection of mean SST

  12. Evaluating the drifter array SST: GOOS evaluated by NOAA/NCDC SURFACE CURRENTS Accuracy: 2 cm/s Resolution: 600 km Number of measurements per month: 1 From Needler et al. 1999: Action plan for GOOS/GCOS and Sustained Observations for CLIVAR.

  13. Evaluating the drifter array

  14. Before and after

  15. 3. How can we improve?

  16. Predicting the array

  17. Predicting the array

  18. Include information from other measurements (altimetry, winds)

  19. 170ºE-130ºW, 10ºS-10ºN OSCAR Pilot project for a NOAA/NESDIS Operational Surface Current Processing and Data Center (F. Bonjean, J. Gunn, G. Lagerloef, E. Johnson)

  20. AVISO Altimetry product Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS) Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1, ERS-1 and ERS-2 Aviso

  21. U(t)=U + A u’(t) Absolute speed (m/s) Drifters+wind, altimetry altimeter (methodology of Niiler et al., 2003)

  22. L pg Coriolis centrifugal H Cor pg centrifugal H L large Rossby number flow (centrifugal) (Coriolis) (Pressure gradient) If we ignore centrifugal (assume geostrophy), we: Underestimate Coriolis (underestimate v) Overestimate Coriolis (overestimate v)

  23. 1 0.5 0 Drifters: calibrating satellite SSV

  24. Drifters: in-situ calibration to reduce global bias in satellite SSV R. Lumpkin and G. Goni, NOAA/AOML

  25. Summary: Global Drifter Array • What we can resolve: • <U>, <SST>, <U>·<SST>, • U(x,t) where coverage is sufficient • mean eddy statistics • Drifter SST(x, t): cal/val of satellite products •  <U>· SST’ • What we can’t resolve: • Anything in the “data holes” • U(x,t) at sufficient resolution for time series • of eddy fluxes • What we can do about this: • Plan ahead: anticipate gaps • Synthesize drifters, winds and altimetry for • operational surface currents • Drifter U(x,t) cal/val of satellite products Rick.Lumpkin@noaa.gov

  26. fin

  27. Terms in NINO3 region

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