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Library Automation After Web 2.0:

Library Automation After Web 2.0:. Integrating Social Networking Concepts into the Library Infrastructure. Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library. Summary.

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Library Automation After Web 2.0:

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  1. Library Automation After Web 2.0: Integrating Social Networking Concepts into the Library Infrastructure Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library

  2. Summary • Libraries have been engaged with Web 2.0 concepts for the last few years with positive results. We’ve seen widespread adoption of blogs, wikis, and interest in social networking sites by libraries. Opening up library resources for end-user interactions, adopting multimedia content, and other Web 2.0 concepts have gone a long way to help libraries resonate with Web-savvy patrons. Yet, the evolution of the Web doesn’t end with Web 2.0. Much of the current use of Web 2.0 components creates silos of content and services that may even channel library users away from the library’s core products. What comes next? How will the next round of library technologies bring social and collaborative concepts into our core technical infrastructure?

  3. Research and Publishing activities • Library Technology Guides / lib-web-cats • Annual Perceptions Survey • Library Journal Automation Marketplace • Regular contact with principals of library automation companies and projects • Regular publishing commitments: • Library Technology Reports • Smart Libraries Newsletter • Computers in Libraries

  4. Lib-web-cats • Started building database in 1995 • Most comprehensive resource for tracking ILS and other library automation products • Serves as a directory for general public • Specialized tool for tracking ILS and other automation products • 40,825 Total libraries listed • 377 Law Libraries listed

  5. ILS Products in Florida Public Libraries

  6. ILS Products in Florida Academic Libraries

  7. Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2009: Investing in the future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer LJ Automation System Marketplace

  8. ILS Product Satisfaction

  9. Upheavals in the library automation arena • Industry Consolidation • Abrupt transitions for major library automation products • Increased industry control by external financial investors • Uncomfortable level of product narrowing • Open Source products and service companies enter the competition • A small contingent of founder-owned companies continue to thrive • New wave of companies based on open source service and support Breeding, Marshall: Perceptions 2008 an international survey of library automation. http://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2008.plJanuary 2009.

  10. Product and Technology Trends • Demise of the traditional OPAC • New genre of discovery interfaces • Conventional ILS less tenable • Conceived around print inventory, difficult transition to mostly e-content • Increasing pressure for new innovations in automation solutions • Proliferation of products related to e-content management

  11. ILS Product Satisfaction

  12. Opportunities for Openness • Open Source Software • Alternative to traditionally licensed software • Open Systems • Software that doesn’t hold data hostage • Increasing need for enterprise integration

  13. Open Source Alternatives • Explosive interest in Open Source driven by disillusionment with current vendors and increasing support of this software licensing model • Beginning to emerge as a practical option both in the ILS and discovery layer arenas • TOC (Total Cost of Ownership) varies relativeto proprietary commercial model • Many libraries document substantial savings • Both open source and commercial software involve risk • Law libraries less involved in open source ILS than other segments

  14. Open Source ILS enters the mainstream • Earlier era of pioneering efforts to ILS shifting into one where open source alternatives fall in the mainstream • Off-the-shelf, commercially supported product available • Sectors: Public, Academic, Schools • Still a minority player, but gaining some ground

  15. Open Source Library products • Integrated Library Systems • Koha, Evergreen, OPALS, NewGenLib • Repositories • Dspace, Fedora, DuraCloud • Discovery Interfaces • Vufind • Blacklight • SOPAC (Social OPAC) • eXtensible Catalog • ILL • Relais

  16. Impact of Open Source ILS • Some libraries moving from traditionally licensed products to open source products with commercial support plans • Disruption of library automation industry • new pressures on incumbent vendors to deliver more innovation and to satisfy concerns for openness • Low-cost options may help moderate pricing of commercial products • New competition / More options

  17. More Open Systems • Pressure for traditionally licensed products to become more open • APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) let libraries access and manipulate their data outside of delivered software • A comprehensive set of APIs potentially give libraries more flexibility and control in accessing data and services and in extending functionality than having access to the source code. • Customer access to APIs does not involve as much risk to breaking core system functions, avoids issues of version management and code forking associated with open source models.

  18. A New Generation of Discovery Interfaces for Library Collections

  19. Open Source Library products • Integrated Library Systems • Koha, Evergreen, OPALS, NewGenLib • Repositories • Dspace, Fedora, DuraCloud • Discovery Interfaces • Vufind • Blacklight • SOPAC (Social OPAC) • eXtensible Catalog • ILL • Relais (?)

  20. Crowded Landscape of Information Providers on the Web • Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver content to library patrons • Google Scholar • Amazon.com • Wikipedia • Ask.com • Do Library Web sites and catalogs meet the information needs of our users? • Do they attract their interest?

  21. Traditional ILS

  22. Better?

  23. Demand for compelling library interfaces • Urgent need for libraries to offer interfaces their users will like to use • Powerful search capabilities in tune with how the Web works today • Meet user expectations set by other Web destination • Maintain quality of searching in precision, predictability, and scope

  24. Inadequacy of ILS OPACs • Online Catalog modules provided with an ILS subject to broad criticism as failing to meet expectations of growing segments of library patrons. • Not great at delivering electronic content • Complex text-based interfaces • Relatively weak keyword search engines • Lack of good relevancy sorting • Narrow scope of content

  25. Disjointed approach to information and service delivery • Silos Prevail • Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) • Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections • OpenURL linking services • E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) • Local digital collections • ETDs, photos, rich media collections • Metasearch engines • All searched separately

  26. Change underway • Widespread dissatisfaction with legacy OPACs. Many efforts toward next-generation discovery layer products. • Movement among libraries to break out of the current mold of library catalogs and offer new interfaces better suited to the expectations of library users. • Decoupling of the front-end interface from the back-end library automation system. • Eventual redesign of the ILS to be better suited for current library collections of digital and print content

  27. Online Catalog vs Discovery Layer • Discovery Layer • Modern interface elements • Scope: aims to address broad range of components that constitute library collections • Online Catalog • Interface conventions from an earlier Web era • Scope: Tied to the ILS and its content domain

  28. OPACs – a dying breed • Most vendors are deemphasizing their traditional catalogs • Separate discovery interface • New-gen online catalog with features borrowed from the discovery interface genre

  29. More than the “library catalog” • More comprehensive information discovery environments • Primary search tool that extends beyond print resources • Digital resources cannot be an afterthought • Systems designed for e-content only are also problematic • Forcing users to use different interfaces depending on type of content becoming less tenable • Libraries working toward consolidated user environments that give equal footing to digital and print resources

  30. Comprehensive Discovery Service • Current distributed query model of federated search model not adequate • Expanded scope of search through harvested content • Consolidated search services based on metadata and data gathered in advance (like OAI-PMH) • Problems of scale diminished • Problems of cooperation persist • Federated search currently operates as a plug-in component of next-gen interfaces.

  31. Interface Features / User Experience • Single point of entry • Optional advanced search • Relevancy ranked results • Facets for narrowing and navigation • Query enhancement – spell check, etc • Suggested related results / recommendation service • Enriched visual and textual content • Single Sign-on

  32. Relevancy Ranking • Based on advanced search engines specifically designed for relevancy • Endeca, Lucene, FAST, BrainWare,etc • Web users expect relevancy ordered results • Items with strongest probability of interestshould appear first • Users tend not to delve deep into a result list • Good relevancy requires a sophisticated approach, including objective matching criteria supplemented by social and relatedness factors. • Continued need for objective, comprehensive search techniques • Ability to select other search methods and sorting options– browse, linked data, etc.

  33. New Paradigm for search and navigation • Let users drill down through the result set incrementally narrowing the field • Faceted Browsing • Drill-down vs up-front Boolean or “Advanced Search” • gives the users clues about the number of hits in each sub topic • Ability to explore collections without a prioriknowledge

  34. Query / Result Enhancement • “Did you mean?” and other features to avoid “No results found” • Validated spell check / query suggestions • Automatic inclusion of authorized and related terms • More like this – recommendation service • Make the query and the response to it better than the query provided

  35. The Ideal Scope Discovery Layer products • Attempt to collapse silos or draw appropriately from each silo • Unified user experience • A single point of entry into all the content and services offered by the library • Print + Electronic • Local + Remote • Locally created Content • User contributed content

  36. Pre-populated discovery services • New-generation interface • Harvested local content • Vendor-supplied indexes of library content • E-journals, databases, e-books • Book collections beyond local library collections

  37. Web scale discovery • Indexing the full corpus of information available globally • Or at least major portions • Google aims to address all the world’s information • Not quite comprehensive – partial harvesting of any given resource • Discovery Layer Products for libraries aim to address all content collected by libraries: • Print • Remotely access electronic content: e-journals, e-books, databases, licensed and open access. • Local special collections: digital and print. • Addresses the comprehensive body of content held within library collections • Comprehensive, unified

  38. Web-scalevs local discovery • Local discovery provides flexibility for libraries to create customized access to collections • Web-scale discovery emphasizes unified access and broad scope

  39. Deep search • Entering post-metadata search era • Increasing opportunities to search the full contents • Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open Content Alliance, government publications, etc. • High-quality metadata will improve search precision • Commercial search providers already offer “search inside the book” and searching across the full text of large book collections • Not currently available through library search environments • Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadata See: Systems Librarian, May 2008 “Beyond the current generation of next-generation interfaces: deeper search”

  40. Beyond Discovery to Fulfillment / Delivery • Fulfillment oriented • Search -> select -> view • Delivery/Fulfillment much harder than discovery • Back-end complexity should be as seamless as possible to the user • Offer services for digital and print content

  41. New Generation Library Interfaces Current Commercial and Open Source Products

  42. Discovery Interface Products • AquaBrowser • Ex Libris Primo • Innovative Interfaces: Encore • Serials Solutions: Summon (under development) • Medialab Solutions: AquaBrowser • SirsiDynix Enterprise • The Library Corporation: LS2 PAC • VUFind (open source) • BiblioCommons • eXtensible Catalog (under development)

  43. Discovery product Trend • Initial products focused on technology • AquaBrowser, Endeca,Primo, Encore, VUfind • Mostly locally-installed software • Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery • Summon (Serials Solutions) • WorldCat Local (OCLC) • EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) • Primo Central

  44. Summon from Serials Solutions • New Discovery Service – initial libraries now in production • Consolidated index harvested from many sources • ProQuest, Gale, Thompson Reuters (Web of Science), LexisNexis, etc • 500,000,000 articles represented • Full-text search + Citations • Local catalog data harvested, real-time link to holdings • Other local repositories harvested • Others available through metasearch

  45. EBSCO Discovery Service • Agreement with OCLC for WorldCat data • EBSCO Host interface and content • Content from other publishers and providers

  46. Primo Central • Repository of article-level indexes maintained and hosted by Ex Libris • Available to Primo sites without additional cost • Move more content from metasearch to local index

  47. WorldCat Local discovery service • Existing service in pilot stage for new discovery service • WorldCat.org data + ArticleFirst (30 million articles) • Agreement with EBSCO to load EBSCOhost citation data into WorldCat • Pursuing agreements with additional content providers

  48. Web 2.0 Flavorings • Strategic infrastructure + Web 2.0 • A more social and collaborative approach • Web Tools and technology that foster collaboration • Integrated blogs, wiki, tagging, social bookmarking, user rating, user reviews • Avoid Web 2.0 information silos

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