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Unit 3: The American Revolution: 1775-1783

Unit 3: The American Revolution: 1775-1783. Bell Ringer: On the Eve of the Revolution ?. How does a rag-tag group of farmers and merchants defeat the most powerful military in the world?. Loyalist Strongholds. I. The Fighting Begins. A. British want to capture colonial

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Unit 3: The American Revolution: 1775-1783

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  1. Unit 3: The American Revolution: 1775-1783

  2. Bell Ringer: On the Eve of the Revolution ?

  3. How does a rag-tag group of farmers and merchants defeat the most powerful military in the world?

  4. Loyalist Strongholds

  5. I. The Fighting Begins A. British want to capture colonial supplies in Concord E. The American Revolution begins B. British soldiers clash with Lexington militia C. No supplies are found in Concord D. Colonists attack retreating Redcoats

  6. II. Second Continental Congress A. Purpose—restore PEACE 1. Olive Branch petition sent to King George

  7. Gentlemen may cry peace, peace; but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? Forbid it, Almighty God – I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death! Patrick Henry of Virginia March 1775

  8. 2. King rejects offer of peace B. Continental Army is established with George Washington as commander

  9. Phase I:The Northern Campaign[1775-1776]

  10. III. Fort Ticonderoga A. Important British fort on Lake Champlain

  11. B. Captured by Benedict Arnold & Ethan Allen (Green Mountain Boys) C. Valuable Artillery captured & hauled to Boston 1. 59 cannons—weighing up to 1800lbs each 2. Dragged for 200 miles by oxen over snow/mts.

  12. Bell Ringer:Interactive Journal Fold a sheet of notebook paper into four parts. Then write the following in each of the boxes. 1) What similarities and differences existed between the British and American Armies? (at least 2 similarities and 2 differences) 2) Were 18th century war tactics reasonable based on the technology? (Defend with evidence and description of the tactics and weapons.) 3) Trade to a partner: Add at least one similarity and one difference that is not there. 4) Trade with a different partner and respond to the statement in block 2.

  13. IV. Fight For Boston (June 1775) A. Americans occupy high ground on Breed’s Hill B. Americans run out of ammunition & the British take the hill on 3rd attempt Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”

  14. Bunker Hill (June, 1775)

  15. C. Americans retreat to Bunker Hill D. Americans lose, prove they can fight E. British suffer over 40% loss F. Later (Jan ’76) cannons arrive from Ticonderoga, British evacuate Boston

  16. Bell Ringer:1’s quiz the 2’s on the meaning of the first six vocab terms 2’s quiz the 1’s on the meaning of the second five vocab terms

  17. V. The Break with Britain A. “Common Sense” pamphlet written by Thomas Paine—urges colonists to reject monarchy & form a republic (Jan 1776)

  18. Ideas of Thomas Paine “Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil.” “A thirst for absolute power is the natural disease of monarchy.”

  19. As regards kings and subjects - “… how a race of men came into the world so exalted above the rest … is worth inquiring into, and whether they are the means of happiness or of misery to mankind.” “To the evil of monarchy we have added that of hereditary succession.”

  20. “America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had any thing to do with her.” “The same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home pursue their descendants still.” “Whenever a war breaks out between England and any foreign power, the trade of America goes to ruin, because of her connection with Britain.”

  21. B. 2nd Continental Congress—debates independence 1. committee appointed to write declaration 2. Thomas Jefferson (VA) does most of writing 3. Declaration of Independence adopted on July 4, 1776

  22. Preamble—(intro) states WHAT the document is Natural Rights—states basic rights given to all men (Life, Liberty, Happiness) List of Grievances—allegations against King Formal Declaration—official statement of independence Declaration of Independence

  23. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.

  24. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That when ever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government.”

  25. Signers of the Declaration of Independence by State

  26. Independence Hall

  27. New National Symbols

  28. Bell Ringer:After being pushed out of Boston, what targets do you think that they pick to go next?

  29. Washington’s Headaches • Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral]. • State/colony loyalties. • Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army. • Poor training

  30. VI. Early Strategy A. British 1. Control Hudson River 2. Link up with troops from Canada 3. isolate New England Colonies

  31. B. American 1. build up an army 2. inflict damage on British using guerilla tactics 3. get help from French Canadians—attack on Quebec failed

  32. Phase II: NY & PA[1777-1778]

  33. VII. War in the Middle Colonies A. After leaving Boston, British Army heads to NYC B. Continental Army cannot prevent their capturing of NYC The Howe Brothers C. Washington & men abandon NYC (Nov. ’76) & retreat to NJ, then to PA D. Continental Army shrinks— only 8,000 men in Dec. 1776

  34. World’s First Submarine “The Turtle” September 6, 1776, New York Harbor

  35. Nathan Hale and the Burning of New York City * Sept. 20, 1776, New York City * Put resin coated logs in the city * ¼ of the city destroyed * Hale was caught and hung for spying and sabotage (No Trial)

  36. New York City in Flames(1776)

  37. "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country"

  38. These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Thomas Paine “The Crisis” December 1776

  39. E. Washington needs a victory to boost morale & attract soldiers 1. Dec. 25, 1776—Americans cross Delaware R. into NJ, headed for Trenton

  40. Battle of Trenton, December 25, 1776

  41. 2. British soldiers & mercenaries (Hessians) were surprised; no American casualties 3. Main British Army in NYC sends help—GW defeats British @ Princeton (Jan. 1777) 4. Huge morale boost—enlistments increase

  42. Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777

  43. F. Next British goal—capture Philadelphia 1. Americans lose @ Brandywine & Germantown

  44. 2. British, led by HOWE, occupy Philadelphia (Sept. ’77)

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