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Diverse Ethiopia: Geography, History & Culture

Explore Ethiopia's geographic features, ancient history, government structure, ethnic diversity, economic stats, and cultural aspects like food and sports. Learn about the nation's rich heritage and challenges faced by its people. Discover Ethiopia's unique blend of tradition and modernity.

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Diverse Ethiopia: Geography, History & Culture

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  1. Ethiopia---SnapSHot

  2. General Geographic Features • 27th largest country in the world • Landlocked: No direct access to oceans • Regional Differences • Deserts in the East • Tropical Rainforest in South • Highlands in North and South West • Most cities are located over 1,000 KM above sea level Geography

  3. Ethiopia’s Population • Over 93 million people live in Ethiopia • Largest Cities • Addis Ababa (National Capital): 3,040,740 • Dire Dawa: 273, 601 • Mek’ele: 271,562 • Adama: 262, 884 • Gondar: 262,884 Geography

  4. Main Geographical Features • Ethiopian Highlands • Great Rift Valley (Cuts the Highlands in ½) • Lake Tana (Source of the Blue Nile) • Mount Entonto • Wildlife • Climate and elevation have allowed for the creation of many species of animals that are unique to Ethiopia. • Ethiopia is home to 856 different species of birds! Geography

  5. Ancient History • Scientist believe that some of the earliest records of human life occurred within present day Ethiopia • Aksum: One of the most powerful empires in the world during the 3rd and 4th Century (200-300 AD) • No African Scramble for Ethiopia!! • Menelik II (1889-1913) Emperor • Created present day boundaries for Ethiopia (Independence) • Resisted Italian forces in 1896 • Created Addis Ababa • HaileSelassie I (1930-1974) • Time Magazines Man of Year in 1935 • Teamed w/ GB to remove Italy for good in 1941 (part of WWII) • Ruled until the people of Ethiopia got rid of him because of the World Oil Shortage in 1973-1974 History

  6. Communist Ethiopia • MengistuHailemariam: Leader of the Derg Party • 500,000 Ethiopians were killed by the Derg Party • End of Communist Party in Ethiopia • Drought: Killed more than 1 million people during the 1980s….led to mass protest of communist government by Ethiopians. • 1991: USSR (Gorbachev) decided to cut aid to Ethiopia and other communist countries (Glasnost) • Deng Party was overthrow…Mengistu found guilty of genocide in 2006 • Modern History • Ethiopian People Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) gained control of country by 1994. History

  7. Government Structure: Federal Parliamentary Republic • Executive Branch: Headed by Prime Minister • Legislative Branch: Controlled by 2 Chambers and Prime Minister • Judicial Branch: Separate from government • Reality • Ethiopia’s government is a authoritarian (one party in control) • Multiple Elections have been rigged in 2000, 2005, and 2010 • Modern Leaders • MelesZenawi (1994-2012) • Prime Minister • HailemariamDesalegn (2012-pres) • New Prime Minister Modern Government

  8. Ethnic Diversity • Over 80 different ethnic groups live in Ethiopia • Ethiopia is divided into 9 ethnically based states • Oromo and Amhara are the two largest groups • Religious Diversity • Christianity (62%) and Islam (33%) are the two largest religions in Ethiopia • Spiritual Homeland for Rastafarian Movement: Bob Marley and Reggae Music Culture

  9. Economics • Ethiopia’s GDP is 41.9 billion dollars (value of goods and services) • During the mid 2000’s Ethiopia was one of the fastest growing economies in the world. • Today the GDP per capita is still very low • Agriculture • Makes up 40% of Ethiopia’s GDPand 80% of all Ethiopian exports • Main Crops: Coffee, beans, oilseed, cereal, potatoes • Stats: #1 in African Coffee Exports and #10 in worldwide livestock exports • Education • Literacy Rate is around 30% (pretty good for Africa) • 6 years elementary school, 6 years of secondary Culture

  10. Poverty • Both urban and rural areas have issues with poverty • 80% of urban water is clean while only 11% of rural water is clean. • Around 20% of Ethiopia’s population live on less than 1 dollar a day. • 75% of rural Ethiopians share sleeping quarters with livestock • 50% of urban residents live in poorly constructed slums • Conclusion • Life is difficult for urban and rural living Ethiopians • More and more Ethiopians move to cities each year Culture

  11. Food • WAT: Thick meat stews • Flatbreads are used as utensils….scoop up food, eat with hands. • Very little pork and/or shellfish due to religious beliefs • Sports • Long Distance Running is the most popular sport…multiple world record holders and gold medalist • Soccer is the 2nd most popular sport. Ethiopia just missed qualifiying for the 2014 FIFA World Cup • Miscellaneous Culture Oddities • Freedom of Speech is limited • Marriage by Abduction is a popular practice in rural areas • Medical care is somewhat lacking…only 2.6 doctors for every 100,000 people Culture

  12. HaileGebrselassic • 1996 and 2000 Gold Medalist in 10,000 • 27 world records during his career • KenenisaBakele • 2004 and 2008 Gold Medalist in 10,000 and 5,000 • Just won the 2014 Paris Marathon • Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Ali Al Amoudi • Worth 12.3 billion dollars, richest man in Ethiopia • Made money in oil, construction, and real estate • Marcus Samuelsson • Celebrity Chef • HibretFekadu • Ethiopian Model Famous Ethiopians

  13. Modern Issues • Voter Fraud in 2010 • Back to back years of little rain (2010, 2011) • 200 people died in government protests in 2005 • Deforestation: Ethiopia’s forests are getting smaller at an alarming rate • AIDS and Women’s Health concerns • Current Events • Debates about Nile River Dam with Egypt • Anti-Gay Protests in Addis Ababa • Ethiopian dominance in international running events Current Events and Issues

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