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What is the nature of arousal and how does it interact with motivated behavior?

Explore the short-term and long-term effects of arousal, opponent processes, and the interaction between arousal and task difficulty. Understand the stages of stress response and the opponent process model for tolerance and withdrawal. Learn about different types of conflicts and Miller's model of approach-avoidance conflicts.

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What is the nature of arousal and how does it interact with motivated behavior?

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  1. What is the nature of arousal and how does it interact with motivated behavior? • Short-term effects • Long-term effects • Opponent processes • Conflict

  2. Easy task Quality of performance Difficult task Very low Very high Degree of arousal Yerkes-Dodson Law (Interaction between degree of arousal and task difficulty)

  3. easy easy difficult Quality of performance Quality of performance Very low Very low Very high Very high Degree of arousal Degree of arousal Example of an interaction: Hypothetical example of no interaction: “The effect of Arousal on Performance dependson Difficulty.” “The effect of Arousal on Performance does not depend on Difficulty.” difficult

  4. “Alarm” “Resistance” “Exhaustion” (mobilize resources) (cope with stressor) (reserves depleted) Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Stressresistance Stage 1 Stage 3 Stage 2 Time

  5. Opponent Process Model for tolerance and withdrawal: (First few occasions) (After many occasions) Underlying processes: Underlying processes: “A” state “A” state 0 0 “B” state “B” state Actually experienced: Actually experienced: adaptation peak tolerance 0 0 withdrawal time  time 

  6. Approach- Approach G+ G+ Avoidance- Avoidance G- G- Approach- Avoidance Double Approach- Avoidance G± G± Lewin’s classification of conflicts P P G± P P

  7. Approach- Avoidance Miller’s model of an approach-avoidance conflict: G± P

  8. Strength of tendency Distance from goal ApproachandAvoidanceGradients G

  9. (new intersection) increased positive valence Strength of tendency Distance from goal (predicted new vacillation point) ApproachandAvoidanceGradients G

  10. (new intersection) increased negative valence Strength of tendency Distance from goal (predicted new vacillation point) Approach andAvoidanceGradients G

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