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GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION. THE ENGLISH CLAUSE. WORD CLASSES AND THEIR FUNCTION. Word classes are traditionally called parts of speech They can be divided into:. Open classes are open to new words Closed classes are limited classes that rarely accept new words . e.g.

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GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

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  1. GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION THE ENGLISH CLAUSE

  2. WORD CLASSES AND THEIR FUNCTION Word classes are traditionally called parts of speech They can be divided into:

  3. Open classes are open to new words Closed classes are limited classes that rarely accept new words. e.g. New nouns are created almost everyday

  4. 1. Bling (n): Expensive, ostentatious clothing and jewelry.2. Bromance (n): A close but non-sexual relationship between two men.3. Chillax (v): Calm down and relax.4. Crunk (adj): Very excited or full of energy.5. D'oh (ex): Exclamation used to comment on a foolish or stupid action, especially one’s own.

  5. 6. Droolworthy (adj): Extremely attractive or desirable.7. Frankenfood (n): Genetically modified food.8. Grrrl (n): A young woman regarded as independent and strong or aggressive, especially in her attitude to men.9. Guyliner (n): Eyeliner that is worn by men.10. Hater (n): A person who greatly dislike

  6. OPEN CLASSES

  7. CLOSED CLASSES

  8. MINOR CLASSES

  9. WORD CLASSES AND WORD USES PROBLEMS WITH WORD CLASS INDENTIFICATION

  10. Multiple membership Consider the class membership of the words play and that play is a verb in: I like her play play is a noun in: They play hard that is a determiner in: That man is lazy that is a pronounin: I like that that is a conjunction in: I don’t believe that he is only 17

  11. Form and context

  12. HOMONYMS Words sharing the same form but NOT related in meaning at all e.g.

  13. Homophones

  14. Homographs

  15. NOUNS

  16. NOUN CATEGORIES

  17. COMMON NOUNS

  18. PROPER NOUNS Are names of people or places e.g. Tanzania, Kenya, Dar es salaam, John, Mwajuma etc.

  19. COUNT vs NON-COUNT NOUNS

  20. VERBS

  21. VERB FORMS

  22. PRESENT FORM 1st person e.g. I like it (singular & plural) 2nd person e.g. You like it (singular & plural) 3rd person e.g. She likes it (singular) They like it (plural)

  23. PAST FORM

  24. Regular verbs cont.

  25. IRREGULAR VERBS WITH THE SAME FORM FOR PAST AND ED-PARTICIPLE burn, burnt, burnt e.g. I burnt it I have burnt it have had had e.g. She had money She has had money, I hadhad money,

  26. spoil spoilt spoilt e.g. she spoiltit she has spoilt it I had spoilt it

  27. Exs OF IRREGULAR VERBS WITH DIFFERENT PAST AND ED-PARTICIPLE FORMS speak, spoke, spoken e.g. I spoke to him I have spoken to him She has spoken to him saw, sawed, sawn drink, drank, drunk see, saw, seen

  28. cut, cut, cut This has the same form for present, past and ed-participle

  29. AUXILIARY VERBS They come before the main verb in a verb phrase They consist of two main subclasses

  30. PRIMARY AUXILIARIES

  31. MODAL AUXILIARIES

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