National Association for Year-Round Education

1. National Association for Year-Round Education Sam Pepper Executive Director National Association for Year-Round Education

2. YRE Terms National Association for Year-Round Education

3. Year - Round Education (YRE) Year - Round School (YRS) • Modified school calendar • Alternative school calendar • Continuous education schedule • Four-vacation plan • Custom calendar • Community school schedule • Balanced calendar National Association for Year-Round Education

4. Three strands of YRE: • Single-track • Multiple-track (multi-track) • Extended year National Association for Year-Round Education

5. Educational Values of Modified Calendars • Continuous Instruction and Learning • Less Learning Loss • Quicker Intervention • Higher Attendance Rates for Students • Fewer Teacher Substitute Days • Lower Drop-Out Rates • Reduced Vandalism National Association for Year-Round Education

6. Summer Learning Loss The Effects of Summer Vacation on Achievement Test Scores: A Narrative and Meta-Analytic Review Harris Cooper, Barbara Nye, Kelly Charlton, James Lindsay, Scott Greathouse Fall 1996 National Association for Year-Round Education

7. Study Findings • At Best: Students show little or no academic growth over summer. At worst: Students lose one to three months of learning • Summer Loss: Greater in Math than Reading • Summer Loss: Greatest in Math computation and spelling • Summer vacation increases disparities between advantaged and disadvantaged students reading scores • The detrimental effect of summer vacation increases as grade level increases • No particular differences because of gender or race Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Fall, 1996

8. Study Conclusions Options for policymakers: • We can accept the detrimental effects of summer vacation • We can increase the summer school opportunities and direct these efforts in the most beneficial manner • We can examine alternative school calendars Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Fall, 1996

9. Summer Learning Loss The Effects of Modified School Calendars on Student Achievement and on School and Community Attitudes Harris Cooper, Jeffrey Valentine, Kelly Charlton and April Melson Spring 2003 National Association for Year-Round Education

10. “On average, children’s achievement test scores were at least one-month lower when they returned to school in fall than they had been when the children left school in spring.” Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Spring, 2003

11. “Modified calendars were associated with higher achievement for economically disadvantaged students” Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Spring, 2003

12. “Students, parents and staff who participated in modified calendar programs were positive about their experiences.” Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Spring, 2003

13. National Association for Year-Round Education

14. Getting Smarter, Becoming Fairer “The convention of requiring students to attend (school) for 9 or 10 months and then take a long vacation is counterproductive to long-term learning.” National Association for Year-Round Education

15. Getting Smarter, Becoming Fairer “The summer learning loss is greatest among low-income children, who often lack the enriching out-of-school opportunities available to their more affluent peers.” National Association for Year-Round Education

16. Getting Smarter, Becoming Fairer “If students in continually low-performing school districts are to have a chance at catching up and meeting standards, they will need much more time engaged in learning activities.” National Association for Year-Round Education

17. Getting Smarter, Becoming Fairer “Today’s publicly supported learning time was designed to respond to the needs of students and their families – the students and families of the 19th century.” National Association for Year-Round Education

18. Prisoners of Time National Association for Year-Round Education

19. Prisoners of Time “Our usage of time virtually assures the failure of many students.” National Association for Year-Round Education

20. Prisoners of Time “Unyielding and relentless, the time available in a uniform six-hour day and a 180-day year is the unacknowledged design flaw in American Education.” National Association for Year-Round Education

21. Prisoners of Time “(There) is the pretense that because yesterday’s calendar was good enough for us, it should be good enough for our children – despite major changes in the larger society.” National Association for Year-Round Education

22. Chiago Mayor Richard Daley “The idea, still having two months off, is ridiculous in this country. If you’re going to compete with India and China, they’re going to school six days a week and they don’t take the summer off.” National Association for Year-Round Education

23. YRE Statistics National Association for Year-Round Education

24. YRE Statistics US National Totals Through 2005-2006 School Year National Association for Year-Round Education

25. YRE Statistics Five Largest States by YRE Schools 1. California 1,518 2. Arizona 179 3. Hawaii 5. Nevada 118 169 4. Kentucky 162 Through 2005-2006 School Year National Association for Year-Round Education

26. YRE Statistics Five Largest States by YRE Enrollment 1. California 2. Hawaii 1,346,821 113,507 4. Nevada 5. Kentucky 99,516 3. Arizona 83,058 101,840 Through 2005-2006 School Year National Association for Year-Round Education

27. YRE Statistics YRE Enrollment Gains National Association for Year-Round Education

28. Calendars National Association for Year-Round Education

29. Calendars National Association for Year-Round Education

30. National Association for Year-Round Education

31. Major Calendar Configurations 45/15 - Quarters 45 = 5 days week x 9 weeks 60/20 - Trimesters 60 = 5 days/week x 12 weeks (3 months) 20 = 5 days/week x 4 weeks (1 month) 90/30 – Semesters 90 = 5 days/week 30 = 5 days/week x 6 weeks National Association for Year-Round Education

32. Typical 45-15 Single Track Plan June 30 July 1 In Session Off Track/Vacation Summer Vacation – All Staff and Students National Association for Year-Round Education

33. Typical 60-20 Single Track Plan August 1 July 1 In Session Summer Vacation Winter Vacation Off Track/Vacation National Association for Year-Round Education

34. Typical 90-30 Single Track July 1 June 30 Track Not In Session Track in Session National Association for Year-Round Education

35. Multi-Track National Association for Year-Round Education

36. Multi-Track Student Holiday Weekend Track 1 National Association for Year-Round Education

37. Multi-Track Student Holiday Weekend Track 1 Track 2 National Association for Year-Round Education

38. Multi-Track Student Holiday Weekend Track 1 Track 2 Track 3 National Association for Year-Round Education

39. Multi-Track Student Holiday Weekend Track 1 Track 2 Track 3 Track 4 National Association for Year-Round Education

40. Multi-Track National Association for Year-Round Education

41. Multi Track Options for Overcrowding • Bond Issues • Double Sessions • Extended Day • Redrawing boundaries • Portables • Multi-Track YRE National Association for Year-Round Education

42. Multi-Track Overcrowding School Capacity of 600 With Multi-Track Year-Round Education (MTYRE) Four tracks of 200 students Three Tracks in Session , One Out of Session Expands Capacity to 800 Students Only 600 Students in School at any Given Time Expands School Capacity by 33% National Association for Year-Round Education

43. Multi-Track Four Tracks (45-15, 60-20) School Capacity 900 Need to Enroll 1,200 • Students divided into four tracks – 300 students per track • Three tracks always in session – 900 students (capacity) • One track always on vacation – 300 students (growth) Capacity Equation 300(Vacation) 900 (Capacity) = 33% capacity gain National Association for Year-Round Education

44. Multi-Track Multi-Track YRE Advantages • Increases capacity 33% immediately (4-Tracks) • Provides both capital and operating savings • Allows day-time instructional hours to be maintained • High attendance rates for students • Does not strain school’s core facilities • Fewer teacher substitute days • Maximum use of facility for 12 months National Association for Year-Round Education

45. Multi-Track Savings • Capital outlay (multi-track) • Economies of scale • Reduced absenteeism -- staff and students • Salaried administrators in charge of summer school • Reductions in numbers of textbooks and desks • Reduced lease costs -- portables National Association for Year-Round Education

46. Multi-Track Principal Salaries Traditional School 1 $90,000 Traditional School 2 $90,000 Traditional School 3 $90,000 Traditional School 4 $90,000 National Association for Year-Round Education

47. Multi-Track Principal Salaries Traditional School 1 $90,000 Multi-Track School 1 $110,000 Traditional School 2 $90,000 Multi-Track School 2 $110,000 Traditional School 3 $90,000 Multi-Track School 3 $110,000 Traditional School 4 $90,000 National Association for Year-Round Education

48. Multi-Track Principal Salaries Total Principal Salaries Total Principal Salaries 4 Multi-Track Schools 4 Traditional Schools $330,000 $360,000 National Association for Year-Round Education

49. YRE Calendars 2005-2006 School Year

50. YRE Calendars Types of Calendars in Use 45-15 Model