1 / 27

Pesticides and Pest Control

Pesticides and Pest Control. Brian Kaestner Saint Mary’s Hall. Thanks to Miller and Clements. Orange - groundwater contamination Pink - nitrate contamination Red - arsenic contamination. Pests. Compete with humans for food. Invade lawns and gardens. Destroy wood in houses.

adah
Download Presentation

Pesticides and Pest Control

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Pesticides and Pest Control Brian Kaestner Saint Mary’s Hall Thanks to Miller and Clements

  2. Orange - groundwater contamination Pink - nitrate contamination Red - arsenic contamination

  3. Pests • Compete with humans for food • Invade lawns and gardens • Destroy wood in houses • Spread disease • Are a nuisance • May be controlled by natural enemies

  4. Pesticides: Types • Chemicals that kill undesirable organisms • Insecticides • Herbicides See Table 20-1 p. 504 • Fungicides • Rodenticides

  5. Grasshopper Gypsy moth caterpillar Fig. 20.2a, p. 505

  6. European red mite Fig. 20.2b, p. 505

  7. Pink bollworm Boll weevil ranges overlap Fig. 20.2c, p. 505

  8. Fig. 20.3, p. 506

  9. Fig. 20.11 , p. 514

  10. 600 500 400 Number of species 300 200 100 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Gypsy moth cateripllar Boll weevil Insects and mites Plant diseases Weeds Fig. 20.4, p. 507

  11. First Generation Pesticides • Primarily natural substances • Sulfur, lead, arsenic, mercury • Plant extracts: nicotine, pyrethrum • Plant extracts are degradable Refer to Appendix 6 p. A8

  12. Second Generation Pesticides • Primarily synthetic organic compounds • 630 biologically-active compounds • Broad-spectrum agents • Narrow-spectrum agents • Target species See Table 20-1 p. 504 • Nontarget species

  13. Characteristics of an Ideal Pesticide • Kill only target pests • Harm no other psecies • Break down quickly • Not cause genetic resistance • Be more cost-effective than doing nothing

  14. MH Pupa MH MH JH MH JH JH Larva Eggs Fig. 20.12, p. 514

  15. The Case for Pesticides • Save human lives • Increase supplies and lower cost of food • Work better and faster than alternatives • Health risks may be insignificant compared to benefits • Newer pesticides are becoming safer • New pesticides are used at lower rates

  16. The Case Against Pesticides • Genetic resistance • Can kill nontarget and natural control species • Can cause an increase in other pest species • The pesticide treadmill • Pesticides do not stay put • Can harm wildlife • Potential human health threats

  17. Fig. 20.5, p. 507

  18. Pesticide Regulation in the United States • Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) • Tolerance levels • EPA Evaluation of chemicals • Inadequate and poorly enforced • Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)

  19. Other Ways to Control Pests • Economic threshold • Adjusting cultivation practices • Use genetically-resistant plants • Biological pest control • Biopesticides • Insect birth control • Hormones and pheromones • Ionizing radiation

  20. Integrated Pest Management • Ecological system approach • Reduce pest populations to economic threshold • Field monitoring of pest populations • Use of biological agents • Chemical pesticides are last resort

  21. Effects of IPM Original pest population Introduction biological control Economic threshold Pest density Equilibrium position Equilibrium position Reduced pest population Time Fig. 20.7, p. 507

More Related